Sechikamu chakakosha cheindasitiri yezvinhu zvitsva, indasitiri yezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari inzvimbo itsva ine simba rakawanda uye mukana wekuvandudza muindasitiri yemakemikari. Mitemo yakaita se "Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana" uye hurongwa hwe "Double Carbon" zvese zvakatungamira tekinoroji yemhedzisiro yeindasitiri.

Zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinosanganisira organic fluorine, organic silicon, kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, makemikari emagetsi, inki nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva. Zvinoreva izvo zvakagadzirwa parizvino uye zviri kugadzirwa zvine mashandiro akanaka kana mamwe mabasa akakosha ayo asina zvinhu zvemakemikari zvechinyakare. Zvezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari. Zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvine nzvimbo yakakura yekushandisa muminda yemotokari, mafambiro echitima, ndege, ruzivo rwemagetsi, michina yepamusoro-soro, kuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, michina yekurapa, uye kuvaka kwemaguta.

Mapoka makuru ezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari
Zvichienderana nezvikamu zvemaindasitiri, zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: chimwe chigadzirwa chemakemikari chemhando yepamusoro muminda mitsva, chimwe mhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzezvinhu zvemakemikari zvechinyakare, uye chechitatu zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwechipiri (machira emhando yepamusoro, manamati emhando yepamusoro), zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemembrane, nezvimwewo).

Zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinonyanya kusanganisira mapurasitiki einjiniya uye alloys dzawo, zvinhu zvinoshanda zvepolymer, organic silicon, organic fluorine, special fibers, composite materials, electronic chemical materials, nano chemical materials, special rabber, polyurethane, high-performance polyolefins, special coatings, special coatings. Kune marudzi anopfuura gumi anosanganisira adhesives nezvimwe zvinowedzera.

Mutemo unotungamira hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari
Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari muChina kwakatanga muma1950 nema1960, uye mitemo yekutsigira yakakodzera uye yekutonga yakatangwa zvakatevedzana kuti igadzire nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura kweindasitiri itsva yemakemikari muChina. Kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, tsvakiridzo yeChina pazvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari yave iri kubudirira. Kuvandudzwa kwacho kwakawana mhedzisiro yakawanda yekutsvagisa, uye zvinhu zvitsva zvakagadzirwa zvakashandiswa zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzakawanda uye zvakaunza nhau dzakanaka mukukura kwemaindasitiri mazhinji muChina.

Kuongororwa kwe "Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana" chehunyanzvi hwekugadzira indasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari

Takatarisana ne "Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana", tichifunga nezvematambudziko ari kusangana neindasitiri iyi mashoma, chimiro chisina musoro, matekinoroji mashoma ekutanga, kushaya rutsigiro rwematekinoroji akafanana, uye matekinoroji makuru ari kudzorwa nevamwe, New Material Industry Innovation Development Forum yakatsunga kugadzirisa zvikanganiso, kuvandudza mashandiro, uye kukurudzira mashandisirwo. , Ramba uchitarisa mabasa akakosha muzvikamu zvina.

Zvichienderana ne "Guide yeGumi nemana yeKuvandudza Kwemakore Mashanu yeIndasitiri yeZvinhu Zvitsva zveMakemikari" yakabudiswa neChina Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation muna Chivabvu 2021, zvakarongwa kuti munguva ye "Purogiramu yeMakore Mashanu yegumi nemana", mari huru yebhizinesi idzva rezvinhu zvemakemikari munyika yangu uye mari yekudyara zvinhu zvakagadziriswa Kuchengetedza kukura nekukurumidza uye kuedza kuwana maindasitiri epamusoro uye akasiyana panosvika 2025, nekuchinja kukuru munzira dzekuvandudza uye kuvandudzwa kukuru mumhando yekushanda kwehupfumi.

Kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hweindasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari nehurongwa hwekusapindira mune kabhoni uye kuwedzera kabhoni

Kutaura zvazviri, hurongwa hwemakabhoni maviri hunoramba huchivandudza chimiro cheindasitiri uye hunovandudza hunyanzvi hweindasitiri kuburikidza nekuvandudza nemiganhu, uye hunosimudzira kukura kwehupfumi nenzira yepamusoro uye inochengetedza nharaunda. Kuburikidza nekuongorora shanduko yemaumbirwo erutivi rwekuwanikwa nekudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, tsanangura mhedzisiro yehurongwa uhwu paindasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari.

Chinangwa chedual carbon chinangwa chikuru ndechekuwedzera kuwanikwa kwezvinhu uye kugadzira kudiwa. Kugadzirisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu kunowanikwa mukudzvinyirira kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu kumashure uye kukurudzira maitiro matsva. Kugona kutsva kwekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvemakemikari kwakadzikira zvakanyanya, kunyanya kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye zvigadzirwa zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvakawanda muindasitiri yemakemikari emarasha. Nokudaro, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinotsiviwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera mwero wekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa uye kuwedzera gasi rinobuda mumhepo. Kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni uye kutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu kumashure kuripo.

Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji yazvino yeDMTO-III yeDalian Institute of Chemical Technology haingoderedzi chete kushandiswa kwemethanol kusvika matani 2.66, asi catalyst itsva inowedzerawo goho rema olefin monomers, inodzivirira danho rekupwanya reC4/C5, uye inoderedza zvakananga kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji itsva yeBASF inotsiva gasi rechisikigo senzvimbo yekupisa yekupwanya ethylene nefurnace itsva ine maheater emagetsi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide kusvika ku90%.

Kugadzirwa kwekuda kune zvakare zvinoreva zviviri: imwe ndeyekuwedzera kudiwa kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zviripo, uye imwe ndeyekutsiva zvinhu zvekare nezvinhu zvitsva zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvinoburitsa kabhoni shoma. Yekutanga inotora simba idzva semuenzaniso. Mota itsva dzesimba dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita se thermoplastic elastomers, izvo zvinowedzera zvakananga kudiwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvine chekuita nemakemikari. Mukupedzisira, kutsiviwa kwezvinhu zvekare nezvinhu zvitsva hakuzowedzere zvakanyanya huwandu hwese hwekudiwa kwekupedzisira, uye zvimwe zvichakanganisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekusimudzirwa kwepurasitiki inoora, kushandiswa kwemafirimu epurasitiki echinyakare kwakaderera.

Kutungamira kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari. Zvichienderana nehukuru hweindasitiri yezvinhu zvakakamurwa pamwe nedanho remakwikwi, zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru dzematekinoroji uye minda yekushandisa kwadzo: zvinhu zvepolymer zvemhando yepamusoro, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine simba guru, uye zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvisina organic.

Tekinoroji yepamusoro yezvinhu zvepolymer

Zvinhu zvepolymer zvemhando yepamusoro zvinosanganisira silicone rabha, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, mapurasitiki anoora, polyurethane, uye ion exchange membranes, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Matekinoroji anozivikanwa ezvikamu zvidiki anopfupikiswa uye anoongororwa. Tekinoroji yepamusoro yepolymer yeChina ine kupararira kwakakura uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Pakati pazvo, minda yemakemikari epolymer eorganic uye zvikamu zvemagetsi zvekutanga zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.

Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine simba guru

Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kutsvagurudzwa muindasitiri yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemakemikari muChina dzinosanganisira organic polymer compounds, zvinhu zvemagetsi zvepakutanga, uye nzira dzemuviri kana dzemakemikari, zvichiita 50%; Molecular organics dzinoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye nzira kana zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kushandura zvakananga simba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.

Zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvisina organic

Parizvino, zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvisina organic zvinosanganisira graphene, fullerene, electronic grade phosphoric acid nezvimwe zvikamu zvidiki. Zvisinei, kazhinji, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari zvisina organic kwakanyatsobatanidzwa, uye nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzetekinoroji ine patent dzakanyanya kuunganidzwa muzvikamu zvemagetsi zvepakutanga, organic high Molecular compounds, inorganic chemistry nedzimwe nzvimbo.

Munguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nemana", hurumende yakagadzira mitemo yakakodzera yekukurudzira nekutungamira kukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari, uye indasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari yave imwe yenzvimbo uko musika wekuChina uri kukura zvakanaka parizvino. Ongororo iri kutarisa mberi inotenda kuti kune indasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari, kune rumwe rutivi, mitemo inotungamira kutungamira kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji kweindasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari, uye kune rumwe rutivi, mitemo iyi yakanaka pakukura kweindasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari, uye yobva yasimudzira mari yemagariro evanhu kuti iwedzere kutsvagisa nekuvandudza tekinoroji itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari. Nekudyara mari, basa retekinoroji reindasitiri itsva yezvinhu zvemakemikari riri kukurumidza kupisa.