Sechikamu chakakosha cheindasitiri yezvishandiso zvitsva, indasitiri yemakemikari matsva inzvimbo nyowani ine simba rakawanda uye budiriro inogona kuitika muindasitiri yemakemikari. Matekinoroji akadai se "14th Five-Year Plan" uye "Double Carbon" zano zvese zvakafambisa zvakanaka tekinoroji yeindasitiri mhedzisiro.

Zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinosanganisira organic fluorine, organic silicon, kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, emagetsi makemikari, ingi uye zvimwe zvitsva. Vanotaura kune izvo zvakagadziridzwa uye zviri pasi pekuvandudzwa zvine mashandiro akanaka kana mamwe mabasa akasarudzika asina zvechinyakare makemikari zvinhu. Yezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari. Zvishandiso zvitsva zvemakemikari zvine nzvimbo huru yekushandisa muminda yemotokari, njanji yekufambisa, ndege, ruzivo rwemagetsi, midziyo yepamusoro, kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvekurapa, uye kuvaka maguta.

Zvikamu zvikuru zvezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari
Yakakamurwa zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvemaindasitiri, zvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinosanganisira mapoka matatu: imwe ndeyepamusoro-yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari muminda mitsva, imwe yacho ndeyemhando yepamusoro-yekupedzisira yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvechinyakare, uye chechitatu makemikari matsva anogadzirwa kuburikidza nesekondari kugadzirisa (yakakwirira- magumo ekuputira, adhesives akakwirira) , Functional membrane zvinhu, nezvimwewo).

Zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki einjiniya uye alloys avo, zvinoshanda zvepolymer zvinhu, organic silicon, organic fluorine, yakakosha fibers, composite zvinhu, zvemagetsi makemikari zvinhu, nano kemikari zvinhu, rabha yakakosha, polyurethane, yakakwirira-inoshanda polyolefins, yakakosha coating, yakakosha Ikoko. zvinopfuura zvikamu gumi zvinosanganisira zvinonamira uye zvakakosha zvinowedzera.

Policy inofambisa kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari
Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari muChina kwakatanga muma1950 nema1960, uye mitemo yekutsigira neinotsika yakaunzwa zvakatevedzana kuti igadzire nharaunda yakanaka yekukura kweindasitiri itsva yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari yeChina. Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, tsvagiridzo yeChina pazvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari yanga iri. muChina.

Ongororo ye "14th Five-Makore Chirongwa" ine chekuita nekuronga kwehunyanzvi hweindasitiri yezvemakemikari matsva

Kutarisana ne "14th Five-Year Plan", tichifunga nezvematambudziko ayo indasitiri anotarisana nawo madiki akazara, chimiro chisina musoro, mashoma ekutanga matekinoroji, kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rweakajairwa matekinoroji, uye yakakosha matekinoroji ari kudzorwa nevamwe, iyo New Material Indasitiri Innovation. Development Forum yakatsunga kugadzirisa zvikanganiso, kuvandudza mashandiro, uye kusimudzira maapplication. , Ramba wakatarira pamabasa anokosha mumativi mana.

Zvinoenderana ne "Furteenth Five-Year Development Guide yeNew Chemicals Indasitiri" yakapihwa neChina Petroleum uye Chemical Industry Federation muna Chivabvu 2021, zvakarongwa kuti panguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva, kemikari itsva yenyika yangu. indasitiri yezvishandiso mari huru yebhizinesi uye yakagadziriswa asset investment Chengetedza kukurumidza kukura uye edza kuwana epamusoro-ekupedzisira uye akasiyana maindasitiri panosvika 2025, nekuchinja kukuru munzira dzebudiriro uye nekunatsiridza kukuru kwemhando yemashandiro ehupfumi.

Kuongororwa kweiyo tekinoroji dhiraivha yeindasitiri nyowani yemakemikari zvinhu nehurongwa hwekusarerekera kabhoni uye kabhoni peaking

Muchokwadi, iyo mbiri-kabhoni zano rinoramba richikwenenzvera chimiro cheindasitiri uye nekusimudzira tekinoroji nhanho yeindasitiri kuburikidza nekusimudzira nezvipingamupinyi, uye inosimudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi mune yemhando yepamusoro uye yakasimba nzira. Kuburikidza nekuongorora shanduko yemaitiro ekupa uye kudiwa kwechikamu chezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, tsanangura mafambisirwo ehurongwa uhu paindasitiri itsva yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.

Kukanganisa kweiyo mbiri kabhoni chinangwa chinonyanya kukwiridzira kugovera uye kugadzira kudiwa. Kugadziridza kupihwa kunoiswa mukudzvanya kwekudzokera kumashure kwekugadzira uye kurudziro yemaitiro matsva. Hunhu hutsva hwekugadzira huzhinji hwezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari hwakaganhurirwa, kunyanya kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya uye zvigadzirwa zvakakwirira zvekuburitsa muindasitiri yemakemikari emarasha. Naizvozvo, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotsiviwa zvemakemikari matsva uye kushandiswa kwezvitsva zvinokonzeresa zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera mwero wekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa uye kuwedzera gasi rekubuda. Deredza kuburitsa kabhoni uye zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva iripo kumashure kugadzirwa kwesimba.

Semuyenzaniso, yazvino DMTO-III tekinoroji yeDalian Institute of Chemical Technology haingodzikisi kushandiswa kweyuniti methanol kusvika 2.66 matani, iyo itsva catalyst inowedzerawo goho reolefin monomers, inodzivirira danho reC4 / C5 rinoputika, uye inoderedza zvakananga kabhoni. kubudisa dioxide. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji nyowani yeBASF inotsiva gasi rechisikigo senzvimbo yekupisa yekuputika kwe ethylene nechoto chitsva chine maheater emagetsi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni dhaibhoni kusvika ku90%.

Kusikwa kwechido kunewo zvirevo zviviri: imwe ndeyekuwedzera kudiwa kwekushandisa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari zviripo, uye imwe ndeyekutsiva zvinhu zvekare nezvinhu zvitsva zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakaderera-kabhoni. Iyo yekutanga inotora simba idzva semuenzaniso. Mota dzemagetsi nyowani dzinoshandisa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakaita se thermoplastic elastomers, izvo zvinowedzera zvakananga kudiwa kwezvinhu zvine chekuita nemakemikari matsva. Mune yekupedzisira, kutsiviwa kwezvinhu zvekare nezvinhu zvitsva hakuzowedzere zvakanyanya huwandu hwese hwekupedzisira kudiwa, uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekusimudzirwa kwemapurasitiki anoparara, kushandiswa kwemafirimu epurasitiki echinyakare kwakadzikira.

Technical development direction yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari
Kune marudzi akawanda ezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari matsva. Zvinoenderana nehukuru hweiyo yakakamurwa zvinhu indasitiri uye dhigirii remakwikwi, iwo matsva emakemikari zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuva matatu makuru marudzi etekinoroji neminda yavo yekushandisa: advanced polymer zvinhu, yakakwirira-inoita composite zvinhu, uye nyowani inorganic makemikari zvinhu.

Yepamberi polymer zvinhu tekinoroji

Yepamberi polymer zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira silicone rabha, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, biodegradable mapurasitiki, polyurethane, uye ion exchange membranes, uye akasiyana madiki-mapoka. Iwo akakurumbira matekinoroji e-sub-categories anopfupikiswa uye nekuongororwa. China yepamberi polymer zvinhu tekinoroji ine kugovera kwakakura uye kuwanda kwekushandisa. Pakati pavo, iyo minda ye organic polymer makomisheni uye ekutanga magetsi emagetsi anoshanda zvakanyanya.

High-performance composite zvinhu

Nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dzekuChina dzepamusoro-inoita composite zvinhu indasitiri ndeye organic polymer komisheni, zvakakosha zvemagetsi zvikamu, uye zvakajairika zvemuviri kana makemikari nzira kana michina, inoverengera ingangoita 50%; Molecular organics inoshandiswa sezvisanganiswa, uye nzira kana zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kushandura zvakananga kemikari simba kuita simba remagetsi zvine hunyanzvi hwekuita.

Zvitsva zvemakemikari zvinhu

Parizvino, nyowani inorganic makemikari zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira graphene, fullerene, electronic giredhi phosphoric acid uye mamwe madiki-mapoka. Nekudaro, kazhinji, kuvandudzwa kweiyo inorganic makemikari emidziyo tekinoroji yakatarisana, uye nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzetekinoroji ine patent yakamisikidzwa muzvikamu zvemagetsi zvekutanga, organic high Molecular compounds, inorganic chemistry uye mamwe minda.

Munguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva, nyika yakagadzira mitemo yakakodzera kukurudzira uye kutungamira kukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemakemikari matsva, uye indasitiri yezvemakemikari matsva yave imwe yenzvimbo idzo musika weChina uri kukura zvakanaka. . Ongororo yakatarisa kumberi inotenda kuti kune indasitiri itsva yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, kune rumwe rutivi, mitemo inotungamira tekinoroji yekuvandudza indasitiri yezvemakemikari matsva, uye kune rimwe divi, marongero akanaka mukuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvemakemikari. indasitiri, uyezve kusimudzira mari yemagariro kuti iwedzere tsvagiridzo yekuvandudza uye kusimudzira tekinoroji nyowani yemakemikari zvinhu. Nekudyara, iyo tekinoroji chiitiko cheindasitiri itsva yemakemikari zvinhu inokurumidza kupisa.