Inozivikanwawo se dimethylaniline, mvura ine mafuta isina ruvara kana yero yakajeka, inonhuwa inotsamwisa, mumhepo kana pasi pezuva. Inoshandiswa nyore nyore. Ze inova yakadzika. Kuwanda kwemafuta (20℃/4℃) 0.9555, nzvimbo yekuomesa 2.0℃, nzvimbo yekufashaira 193℃, nzvimbo yekupenya (kuvhura) 77℃, nzvimbo yekubatidza 317℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa ·s, refractive index (N20D) 1.5584. Inonyungudika mu ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa. Inogona kunyungudutsa mhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari emuchadenga. Inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura. Inobvira moto, inotsva mumoto, muutsi nemhepo kuti igadzire musanganiswa unoputika, muganho unoputika we1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Huturu hwakawanda, kuora kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwekuburitswa kwegasi rine chepfu reaniline. Inogona kunyudzwa nepaganda uye ine chepfu, LD501410mg/kg, huwandu hwepamusoro hunobvumirwa mumhepo i5mg/m3.

Nzira dzekuchengetedza

1. Zvinyorwa Zvekuchengetera [25] Chengeta mudura rinotonhorera, rine mhepo inofefetera. Chengeta kure nemoto nekupisa. Chengeta mudziyo wakavharwa. Unofanira kuchengetwa wakaparadzana neacids, halogens uye makemikari ezvekudya, uye haufanirwe kusanganiswa. Shandisa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwemidziyo yekudzivirira moto. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge ine michina yekurapa inobuda nekukurumidzira uye zvinhu zvekuchengetera zvakakodzera.

2. Yakavharwa mudhiramu resimbi, 180kg pabhareri. Chengeta munzvimbo inotonhorera uye ine mhepo inofefetera. Chengeta uye takura zvinoenderana nemitemo yezvinhu zvinopisa uye zvine chepfu.

Nzira dzekugadzira

1. Ne aniline ne methanol kana paine sulfuric acid, kuburikidza nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kuyerera kwemaitiro: 1. Wedzera 790kg ye aniline, 625kg ye methanol uye 85kg ye sulfuric acid (100% ye ammonium) kune reactor, dzora tembiricha 210-215℃ uye kumanikidzwa 3.1MPa, pindura kwemaawa mana, wobva wasunungura kumanikidzwa, buritsa zvinhu zvacho kumupatsanuri, gadzirisa ne 30% sodium hydroxide, mira, woparadzanisa munyu we quaternary ammonium wakaderera. Zvadaro hydrolysis reaction pa 160℃, 0.7-0.9MPa kwemaawa matatu, hydrolysate inobuda nemafuta epamusoro zvakasanganiswa nekushambidzwa nemvura uye vacuum distillation kuti chigadzirwa chapera chigadzirwe.

2, ine methanol neaniline sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, pasi pemamiriro e methanol yakawandisa, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, 200-250℃, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwealumina catalyst. Chiyero chekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Kugadzirwa kwerabhoritari kunogona kuita aniline ne trimethyl phosphate.

3. Aniline yakasanganiswa nemethanol (N aniline: N methanol ≈ 1:3) uye inopinzwa mureactor ine catalyst nekumhanya kwenzvimbo kwe0.5h-1 kuburikidza nepombi yekuyera isina kupwanya inodzokororwa. Mvura inobuda mureaction inotanga yapinda mugirazi rinoparadzanisa gasi nemvura, uye mvura inounganidzwa pazasi pechikamu chinoparadzanisa inotorwa nguva nenguva kuti iongororwe chromatographic.

4. Muna 2001, Nankai University neTianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd vakagadzira pamwe chete aniline methylation catalyst inoshanda zvikuru kuti iite gas phase synthesis yeN, N-dimethylaniline. Maitiro acho ndeekuti: Mushure mekunge aniline yemvura yasanganiswa nemethanol zvakaenzana, inopiswa mu vaporization tower yozopinda mu tubular reactor ine space speed ye 0.5-1.0h-1 (nzvimbo yakatarwa ye tubular reactor ine supported nanometer solid catalyst) kuti irambe ichigadzirwa pa 250-300℃ uye atmospheric pressure. Goho reDMA riri pamusoro pe 96%.

Nzira yekunatsa: inowanzova neaniline, N-methyl aniline nezvimwe tsvina. Panguva yekunatsa, N, N-dimethylaniline inonyungudutswa mu40% sulfuric acid uye steam distillation inoitwa. Sodium hydroxide inowedzerwa kuti ive nyore. Steam distillation inoenderera mberi. Distillate inoparadzaniswa kuita aqueous layer uye inoomeswa nepotassium hydroxide. Inonyungudutswa nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo paine acetic anhydride. Distillate yakagezwa nemvura kubvisa huwandu hushoma hweacetic anhydride, yozoomeswa nepotassium hydroxide, yoteverwa nebarium oxide uye decompressed distillation mu nitrogen stream. Dzimwe nzira dzekuchenesa dzinosanganisira kuwedzera 10% acetic anhydride uye reflux kwemaawa akati wandei kubvisa primary nesecondary amines. Mushure mekutonhodza, wedzera 20% hydrochloric acid yakawandisa uye bvisa ne ether. Hydrochloric acid layer yakagadzirwa alkaline nekuwedzera alkali, uye yozobviswa ne ether. Ether layer yakaomeswa ne potassium hydroxide uye yozonyungudutswa pasi pekumanikidzwa pasi pe nitrogen. N, N-dimethylaniline inogonawo kushandurwa kuita picronate, yozogadziriswazve kuita poindi inonyunguduka nguva dzose ne 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution kuti iore picronate. Bvisa ne ether, sukurudza nemvura woomesa mushure mekudiridza vacuum.

5. Aniline, methanol uye sulfuric acid zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana uye zvinosanganiswa mu autoclave. Mushure mekunge chigadzirwa che reaction chadzoserwa nekuderedzwa kwekumanikidzwa, alkali inowedzerwa kuti irege kusvibiswa, kupatsanurwa, uye chigadzirwa chacho chinowanikwa nekunyungudutswa kwevacuum.

6. Kuita kwemethylation kweaniline netrimethyl phosphate kunogona kugadzira N, N-dimethylaniline: yobva yaburitswa ne ether, yakaomeswa.

7. N, N-dimethylaniline inogona kugadzirwa nekuwedzera musanganiswa weaniline nemethanol pachiyero che1∶ 3.5 muchikamu che catalytic cheCu-Mn kana Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst pa280℃. N, N-dimethylaniline inobuda inounganidzwa mu distillation unit yemaplates makumi mashanu nemana ari pakati pe193 ne195℃ uye inorongedzwa mumabhodhoro egirazi ebrown. Pakugadzirira chromatography pure N, N-dimethylaniline, nitrogen inogona kuva gasi rinotakura, mukugadzirira gasi chromatography neBen 犅 yaku column inopinzwa kugadziriswa kweN, N-dimethylaniline, kuburikidza nekuparadzaniswa uye kuunganidzwa kwechikamu chikuru chepeak fraction, uye wozopinda mugirazi ampoule seal inogona kuva.

Chinangwa chikuru

1. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira madhayi emunyu (triphenyl methane dyes, nezvimwewo) uye madhayi ekutanga, mhando huru ndeye alkaline bright yellow, alkaline purple 5GN, alkaline green, alkaline lake blue, brilliant red 5GN, brilliant blue, nezvimwewo. N, N-dimethylaniline muindasitiri yemishonga yekugadzira cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, nezvimwewo, muindasitiri yezvinonhuwira pakugadzira vanillin, nezvimwewo. 2. Inoshandiswa se solvent, metal preservative, curing agent ye epoxy resin, curing accelerator ye polyester resin, catalyst ye polymerization ye ethylene compounds, nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswawo pakugadzira madhayi ekutanga e triphenyl methane, azo dyes uye vanillin. 3. Chigadzirwa ichi chinoshandiswa se catalyst yekugadzira mapurasitiki e polyurethane foam ane organic tin compounds. Inoshandiswawo se rabha vulcanization accelerator, explosives, pharmaceutical raw materials. Ndiyo imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira madhayi ebase-based (triphenyl methane dyes, nezvimwewo) uye madhayi ekutanga. Mhando huru ndeye basic bright yellow, basic purple BN, basic green, basic lake blue, brilliant red 5GN, brilliant blue, nezvimwewo. N, N-dimethylaniline muindasitiri yemishonga yekugadzira cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide N- methoxymidine, sulfamilamide – dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, nezvimwewo, muindasitiri yezvinonhuwira pakugadzira vanillin, nezvimwewo. 4. Inoshandiswa se accelerator ye epoxy resin, polyester resin uye anaerobic adhesive, kuitira kuti anaerobic adhesive ikwanise kurapwa nekukurumidza. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa se solvent, catalyst ye polymerization ye ethylene compounds, metal preservative, ultraviolet absorber ye cosmetics, light sensitizer, nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira basic dyes, disperse dyes, acid dyes, oil soluble dyes and spices (vanillin) nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kucheneswa. 5. Reagent inoshandiswa pakuona nitrite ne photometric. Inoshandiswawo se solvent uye mu organic synthesis. 6. Inoshandiswa se dye intermediate, solvent, stabilizer, analytical reagent.