Dambudziko! Yambiro hombe yemakemikari! Kutya "kuderedzwa kwenjodzi"!

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Covestro yakazivisa kuti fekitari yayo yeTDI inorema matani 300,000 muGermany yave nedambudziko guru nekuda kwekubuda kwechlorine uye haigone kutangwazve munguva pfupi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti ichatangazve kugadzirwa kwayo mushure me30 Mbudzi.

BASF, iri kuGermany zvakare, yakambosanganawo nefekitori yeTDI inorema matani 300,000 iyo yakavharwa kuti igadziriswe pakupera kwaKubvumbi uye haisati yatangwazve. Pamusoro pezvo, chikamu cheBC cheWanhua chiri kugadziriswawo nguva nenguva. Munguva pfupi, kugona kwekugadzira TDI muEurope, iyo inosvika 25% yehuwandu hwese hwepasi rose, kuri muchimiro chevacuum, uye kusaenzana kwekupa nekudiwa kwemagetsi munharaunda kuri kuwedzera.

"Nzira yekufambisa" yakamiswa, uye hofori dzakawanda dzemakemikari dzakapa yambiro yekukurumidzira

Rwizi rweRhine, urwo runogona kunzi "nzira yehupenyu" muhupfumi hweEurope, rwadzikira huwandu hwemvura nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, uye mamwe mativi makuru erwizi anotarisirwa kuti haagone kufamba kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 12. Nyanzvi dzezvemamiriro ekunze dzinofanotaura kuti mamiriro ekusanaya kwemvura angangoramba aripo mumwedzi iri kuuya, uye nzvimbo huru yemaindasitiri muGermany inogonawo kudzokorora zvikanganiso zvakafanana, zvichitambura nemigumisiro yakaipa kupfuura kutadza kweRhine muna 2018, zvichiita kuti dambudziko remagetsi riripo muEurope riwedzere.

Nzvimbo yeRwizi rweRhine muGermany inosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenzvimbo yenyika yeGermany, uye inoyerera nemunzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzemaindasitiri akakosha muGermany dzakadai senharaunda yeRuhr. Zvinosvika 10% yemakemikari anotumirwa muEurope anoshandisa Rhine, kusanganisira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, fetereza, zvigadzirwa zvepakati uye makemikari akapedzwa. Rhine yaive neanenge 28% yemakemikari anotumirwa muGermany muna 2019 na2020, uye petrochemical logistics yemakambani makuru emakemikari akadai seBASF, Covestro, LANXESS naEvonik anonyanya kuvimba nekutakura zvinhu muRhine.

Parizvino, gasi rechisikigo nemarasha muEurope hazvina kumira zvakanaka, uye mwedzi uno, kurambidzwa kweEU pamarasha eRussia kwakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo. Pamusoro pezvo, kune nhau dzekuti EU icharwisawo Gazprom. Nhau dzinogara dzichishamisa dzave kunzwika kuindasitiri yepasi rose yemakemikari. Sechiyeuchidzo, hofori zhinji dzemakemikari dzakadai seBASF neCovestro dzakapa yambiro dzekutanga munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Kambani yefetereza yekuNorth America, Mosaic, yakataura kuti kurimwa kwezvirimwa pasi rose kwakaderera nekuda kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakaita semakakatanwa aripo pakati peRussia neUkraine, kupisa kwakanyanya kuri kuramba kuripo muEurope neUnited States, uye zviratidzo zvekusanaya kwemvura kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil. Kune phosphates, Legg Mason anotarisira kuti zvirambidzo zvekutumira kunze kwenyika mune dzimwe nyika zvingangowedzerwa mukati megore rose kusvika muna 2023.

Kambani yemakemikari anogadzira gasi inonzi Lanxess yakati kurambidzwa kwegasi kwaizova "nemhedzisiro yakaipa" kuindasitiri yemakemikari yeGermany, nepo mafekitori anoshandisa gasi rakawanda achivhara kugadzirwa ukuwo mamwe achizoda kuderedza kugadzirwa.

Kambani huru yemakemikari pasi rose, Bruntage, yakati kukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi kwaizoisa indasitiri yemakemikari muEurope panjodzi. Kana pasina mukana wekuwana simba rakachipa, kukwikwidzana kweindasitiri yemakemikari muEurope pakati nepakati neparefu kuchakanganiswa.

Azelis, mugovanisi wemakemikari emuBelgium, akati kune matambudziko aripo mukutakura zvinhu pasi rose, kunyanya kutamiswa kwezvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope kana kuAmerica. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa reUS yave ichitambudzwa nekushomeka kwevashandi, kunonoka kwekubviswa kwezvinhu uye kushomeka kwevatyairi vemarori muUS neEurope zvichikanganisa kutakura zvinhu.

Covestro akanyevera kuti kugoverwa kwegasi rechisikigo mugore rinouya kunogona kumanikidza zvivakwa zvega zvega kuti zvishande zvine mutoro wakaderera kana kutovhara zvachose, zvichienderana nekudzikira kwekupa gasi, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuKuparara kwese kwekugadzirwa uye kugoverwa kwemagetsi uye kuisa mabasa panjodzi pazviuru zvevanhu.

BASF yagara ichipa yambiro yekuti kana gasi rechisikigo rikawira pasi pe50% yezvinodiwa zvakanyanya, ichafanirwa kuderedza kana kutodzima zvachose nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yekugadzira makemikari pasi rose, iyo German Ludwigshafen base.

Kambani yemafuta muSwitzerland, INEOS, yakati mutengo wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mumabasa ayo muEurope wakakwira zvisingaite, uye kusawirirana pakati peRussia neUkraine pamwe nezvirango zvehupfumi zvakakonzereswa neRussia zvakaunza "matambudziko makuru" kumitengo yemagetsi uye kuchengetedzwa kwesimba muindasitiri yese yemakemikari muEurope.

Dambudziko re "mutsipa wakanamatira" riri kuenderera mberi, uye shanduko yezvokuputira uye cheni dzeindasitiri yemakemikari iri pedyo.

Makambani makuru emakemikari ari kure nemakiromita akawanda agara achinyevera, zvichikonzera madutu ane ropa. Kune makambani emakemikari emuno, chinhu chakakosha ndechekukanganisa kweketani yavo yeindasitiri. Nyika yangu ine makwikwi akasimba muketani yemaindasitiri yepasi, asi ichiri isina simba muzvigadzirwa zvepamusoro. Mamiriro aya aripowo muindasitiri yemakemikari iripo. Parizvino, pakati pezvinhu zvemakemikari zvakakosha zvinopfuura 130 muChina, 32% yemhando ichiri isina chinhu, uye 52% yemhando ichiri kuvimba nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Muchikamu chepamusoro chezvipfeko, kunewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasarudzwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvekunze kwenyika. DSM muindasitiri ye epoxy resin, Mitsubishi neMitsui muindasitiri yezvinokonzera kunyungudutsa; Digao neBASF muindasitiri ye defoamer; Sika naValspar muindasitiri yezvinokonzera kunyungudutsa; Digao naDow muindasitiri yezvinokonzera kunyorova; WACKER naDegussa muindasitiri ye titanium dioxide; Chemours naHuntsman muindasitiri ye titanium dioxide; Bayer naLanxess muindasitiri ye pigment.

Kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta, kushomeka kwegasi rechisikigo, kurambidzwa kwemarasha muRussia, mvura nemagetsi zvinokurumidza kuwanikwa, uye ikozvino kutakurwa kwakavharwawo, izvo zvinokanganisawo zvakananga kuwanikwa kwemakemikari akawanda emhando yepamusoro. Kana zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zvikarambidzwa, kunyangwe kana asiri makambani ese emakemikari achadzikiswa, zvichakanganiswa kusvika padanho rakasiyana pasi pechirongwa chechain reaction.

Kunyangwe paine vagadziri vemuno vemhando imwe chete, zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi zvepamusoro hazvigone kuputswa munguva pfupi. Kana makambani ari muindasitiri achiri kutadza kugadzirisa pfungwa dzavo negwara rebudiriro, uye asingateereri kutsvagurudza kwesainzi netekinoroji nebudiriro nekuvandudzwa, rudzi urwu rwedambudziko re "mutsipa wakanamatira" richaramba richiita basa, uye ipapo richakanganiswa mune ese masimba ekunze kwenyika. Kana hofori yemakemikari iri kure nezviuru zvemakiromita ikaita tsaona, hazvidzivisiki kuti moyo uchakwenywa uye kuzvidya mwoyo kuchave kusingawanzoitiki.

Mitengo yemafuta yadzokera padanho remwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, yakanaka here kana kuti yakaipa?

Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, mafambiro emitengo yemafuta epasi rose anogona kutsanangurwa sekuchinja-chinja. Mushure memafungu maviri apfuura ekukwira nekudzika, mitengo yemafuta epasi rose yanhasi yadzokera pakuderera kwemadhora makumi mapfumbamwe pabhareri pamberi paKurume gore rino.

Sekureva kwevaongorori, kune rumwe rutivi, tarisiro yekudzoreredzwa kwehupfumi mumisika yekunze, pamwe nekukura kuri kutarisirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa, zvichadzora kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta kusvika pamwero wakati; kune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro aripo ekuwedzera kwemitengo yemafuta atsigira mitengo yemafuta zvakanaka. Munzvimbo yakaoma kudaro, mitengo yemafuta yepasi rose iri mudambudziko.

Masangano ekuongorora musika akataura kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aripo ekushomeka kwemafuta asina kuchekwa achiri kuenderera mberi, uye rutsigiro rwepasi rwemitengo yemafuta rwakagadzikana. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi kutsva muhurukuro dzenyukireya dzeIran, musika une tarisiro yekubvisa kurambidzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemafuta asina kuchekwa zveIran mumusika, izvo zvinotungamira mukumanikidzwa kwemitengo yemafuta. Iran ndeimwe yevashoma vagadziri vemafuta makuru mumusika uripo vanogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa zvakanyanya. Kufambira mberi kwekukurukurirana kwechibvumirano chenyukireya cheIran kwave kuchinja kukuru mumusika wemafuta asina kuchekwa munguva pfupi yapfuura.

Misika Yakatarisana Nehurukuro dzeChibvumirano cheNyukireya cheIran

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kunetseka nezvemukana wekukura kwehupfumi kwakaisa dambudziko pamitengo yemafuta, asi kusawirirana kuripo pakati pemafuta kwave kuri kutsigira mitengo yemafuta pasi, uye mitengo yemafuta iri kutarisana nedambudziko kumativi ese ekukwira nekudzika. Zvisinei, hurukuro pamusoro penyaya yenyukireya yeIran dzichaunza shanduko dzinogona kuitika kumusika, saka yavewo chinhu chinotariswa nemativi ese.

Sangano remashoko nezvezvinhu zvinotengeswa Longzhong Information rakataura kuti hurukuro panyaya yenyukireya yeIran chiitiko chakakosha mumusika wemafuta asina kucheneswa munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Kunyangwe EU yakataura kuti icharamba ichienderera mberi nekukurukurirana kweIran nezvenyukireya mumavhiki mashoma anotevera, uye Iran yakataurawo kuti ichapindura "chinyorwa" chakataurwa neEU mumazuva mashoma anotevera, United States haina kutaura zvakajeka nezvenyaya iyi, saka kuchine kusava nechokwadi nezvemhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekukurukurirana. Saka, zvakaoma kubvisa chirambidzo chemafuta cheIran husiku hwese.

Ongororo yeHuatai Futures yakaratidza kuti kuchine mutsauko pakati peUnited States neIran panyaya dzekutaurirana kwakakosha, asi mukana wekusvika pachibvumirano chenguva pfupi gore risati rapera hausi kurambwa. Kutaurirana kweIran nezvenyukireya ndeimwe yemakadhi mashoma esimba ayo United States inogona kutamba. Chero bedzi kutaurirana kwenyukireya kweIran kuchikwanisika, kukanganisa kwayo pamusika kuchagara kuripo.

Huatai Futures akataura kuti Iran ndeimwe yenyika shoma dziri mumusika wazvino dzinogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo inoyerera yemafuta eIran negungwa nenyika inosvika mabara anoda kusvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu. Kana zvirango zvabviswa, zvichave nemhedzisiro yakakura pamusika wemafuta wenguva pfupi.