Boka reCyano rine polarity yakasimba uye kunyudzwa kwemaerekitironi, saka rinogona kupinda mukati meprotein inotarirwa kuti rigadzire hydrogen bonds nemaamino acid residues akakosha munzvimbo inoshanda. Panguva imwe chete, boka reCyano ndiro bioelectronic isosteric body yecarbonyl, halogen nemamwe mapoka anoshanda, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kudyidzana pakati pemamorekuru madiki emishonga nemapuroteni anotarirwa, saka rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchinja kwechimiro chemishonga nemishonga yezvipembenene [1]. Cyano inomiririra ine mishonga yekurapa inosanganisira saxagliptin (Mufananidzo 1), verapamil, febuxostat, nezvimwewo; Mishonga yekurima inosanganisira bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, maCyano compounds anewo kukosha kwakakosha muminda yekunhuhwirira, zvinhu zvinoshanda nezvimwewo. Semuenzaniso, Citronitrile inhuhwirira itsva yepasi rose yenitrile, uye 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira zvinhu zvekristaro yemvura. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti maCyano compounds anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwakasiyana [2].

Boka reCyano rine polarity yakasimba uye kunyudzwa kwemaerekitironi, saka rinogona kupinda mukati meprotein inotarirwa kuti rigadzire hydrogen bonds nemaamino acid residues akakosha munzvimbo inoshanda. Panguva imwe chete, boka reCyano ndiro bioelectronic isosteric body yecarbonyl, halogen nemamwe mapoka anoshanda, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kudyidzana pakati pemamorekuru madiki emishonga nemapuroteni anotarirwa, saka rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchinja kwechimiro chemishonga nemishonga yezvipembenene [1]. Cyano inomiririra ine mishonga yekurapa inosanganisira saxagliptin (Mufananidzo 1), verapamil, febuxostat, nezvimwewo; Mishonga yekurima inosanganisira bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, maCyano compounds anewo kukosha kwakakosha muminda yekunhuhwirira, zvinhu zvinoshanda nezvimwewo. Semuenzaniso, Citronitrile inhuhwirira itsva yepasi rose yenitrile, uye 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira zvinhu zvekristaro yemvura. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti maCyano compounds anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwakasiyana [2].

2.2 electrophilic cyanidation reaction ye enol boride

Chikwata chaKensuke Kiyokawa [4] chakashandisa mareagents ecyanide n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) uye p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) kuti chiwane electrophilic cyanidation yepamusoro-soro yemakemikari eenol boron (Mufananidzo 3). Kuburikidza nechirongwa ichi chitsva, β-Acetonitrile yakasiyana-siyana, uye ine mhando dzakasiyana dzesubstrates.

2.3 maitiro emaketoni emhando ye organic catalytic stereoselective silico cyanide

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, timu yeBenjamin list [5] yakashuma mujenari reNature nezvekusiyana kwe2-butanone ne enantiomeric (Mufananidzo 4a) uye asymmetric cyanide reaction ye2-butanone ine ma enzymes, organic catalysts uye transition metal catalysts, ichishandisa HCN kana tmscn se cyanide reagent (Mufananidzo 4b). Ne tmscn se cyanide reagent, 2-butanone nemamwe ma ketone akasiyana-siyana akaiswa kune highly enantioselective silyl cyanide reactions pasi pemamiriro e catalytic e idpi (Mufananidzo 4C).

Mufananidzo 4 A, kusiyanisa kwe 2-butanone ne enantiomeric. b. Kusaenzana kwe 2-butanone ne enzymes, organic catalysts uye transition metal catalysts.

c. Idpi inokurudzira maitiro e-silyl cyanide ane enantioselective zvakanyanya e-2-butanone nemamwe ma ketone akasiyana-siyana.

2.4 kuderedza hunyoro hwealdehydes

Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvechisikigo, green tosmic inoshandiswa secyanide reagent kuti ishandure zviri nyore ma aldehydes akavharirwa kuita nitriles. Nzira iyi inoshandiswazve kuunza imwe atomu yekabhoni kuita ma aldehydes nema ketones. Nzira iyi ine kukosha kukuru muEnantiospecific total synthesis ye jiadifenolide uye inhanho huru mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvechisikigo, zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvechisikigo zvakaita se clerodane, caribenol A uye caribenol B [6] (Mufananidzo 5).

2.5 electrochemical cyanide reaction ye organic amine

Senzira yekugadzira green synthesis, organic electrochemical synthesis yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzira organic. Mumakore achangopfuura, vaongorori vakawanda vakanyatsoteerera. PrashanthW. Menezes team [7] ichangobva kutaura kuti aromatic amine kana aliphatic amine inogona kuoxidized zvakananga kune cyano compounds inoenderana mu 1m KOH solution (pasina kuwedzera cyanide reagent) ine simba risingaperi re 1.49vrhe uchishandisa Ni2Si catalyst yakachipa, ine goho rakakura (Mufananidzo 6).

Pfupiso ye03

Kugadzira Cyanidation inzira inokosha zvikuru yekugadzira organic. Kutanga kubva papfungwa ye green chemistry, ma cyanide reagents anoshanda nezvakatipoteredza anoshandiswa kutsiva ma cyanide reagents ane chepfu uye anokuvadza, uye nzira itsva dzakadai se solvent-free, non catalytic uye microwave irradiation dzinoshandiswa kuwedzera huwandu nekudzika kwekutsvaga, kuitira kuti pave nemabhenefiti makuru ehupfumi, magariro evanhu uye zvakatipoteredza mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri [8]. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuitwa mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, cyanide reaction ichakura kusvika pakubudirira kukuru, hupfumi uye green chemistry.