Cyano boka rine polarity yakasimba uye maerekitironi absorption, saka inogona kupinda zvakadzika muchinangwa cheprotein kuti igadzire mabhondi ehydrogen ane makiyi amino acid akasara munzvimbo inoshanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, boka re cyano ndiro bioelectronic isosteric body ye carbonyl, halogen nemamwe mapoka anoshanda, ayo anogona kusimudzira kudyidzana pakati pemamorekuru emishonga madiki nemapuroteni anonangwa, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadziriswa kwemushonga nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene [1] . Mumiririri cyano ane mishonga yekurapa inosanganisira saxagliptin (Mufananidzo 1), verapamil, febuxostat, nezvimwewo; Mishonga yekurima inosanganisira bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil uye zvichingodaro. Mukuwedzera, cyano compounds inewo kukosha kwekushandiswa kwakakosha muminda yekunhuhwirira, zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvichingodaro. Semuyenzaniso, Citronitrile inonhuhwirira yepasi rese yenitrile, uye 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira zvinhu zvekristaro yemvura. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti cyano compounds inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehumwe humiro [2].

Cyano boka rine polarity yakasimba uye maerekitironi absorption, saka inogona kupinda zvakadzika muchinangwa cheprotein kuti igadzire mabhondi ehydrogen ane makiyi amino acid akasara munzvimbo inoshanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, boka re cyano ndiro bioelectronic isosteric body ye carbonyl, halogen nemamwe mapoka anoshanda, ayo anogona kusimudzira kudyidzana pakati pemamorekuru emishonga madiki nemapuroteni anonangwa, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadziriswa kwemushonga nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene [1] . Mumiririri cyano ane mishonga yekurapa inosanganisira saxagliptin (Mufananidzo 1), verapamil, febuxostat, nezvimwewo; Mishonga yekurima inosanganisira bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil uye zvichingodaro. Mukuwedzera, cyano compounds inewo kukosha kwekushandiswa kwakakosha muminda yekunhuhwirira, zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvichingodaro. Semuyenzaniso, Citronitrile inonhuhwirira yepasi rese yenitrile, uye 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira zvinhu zvekristaro yemvura. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti cyano compounds inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehumwe humiro [2].

2.2 electrophilic cyanidation reaction ye enol boride

Kensuke Kiyokawa's team [4] yakashandisa cyanide reagents n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) uye p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) kuti iwane high-efficiency electrophilic cyanidation ye enol boron compounds (Mufananidzo 3). Kuburikidza nechirongwa chitsva ichi, chakasiyana β-Acetonitrile, uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwema substrates.

2.3 organic catalytic stereoselective silico cyanide maitiro eketoni

Munguva ichangopfuura, Benjamin list list team [5] yakashuma mujenari Nature the enantiomeric differentiation ye2-butanone (Figure 4a) uye asymmetric cyanide reaction ye2-butanone ine enzymes, organic catalysts uye shanduko yesimbi catalysts, uchishandisa HCN kana tmscn se cyanide reagent. (Mufananidzo 4b). Ne tmscn se cyanide reagent, 2-butanone uye yakasiyana-siyana yemamwe ketoni akaiswa pasi pekuita zvakanyanya enantioselective silyl cyanide pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera idpi (Mufananidzo 4C).

Mufananidzo 4 A, enantiomeric kusiyana kwe2-butanone. b. Asymmetric cyanidation ye2-butanone ine enzymes, organic catalysts uye shanduko yesimbi inokonzeresa.

c. Idpi inokonzeresa iyo yakanyanya enantioselective silyl cyanide reaction ye2-butanone uye dzakasiyana siyana dzemamwe ketoni.

2.4 reductive cyanidation yealdehydes

Mukubatanidza kwezvigadzirwa zvechisikigo, iyo yakasvibira tosmic inoshandiswa se cyanide reagent kushandura zviri nyore sterically yakavharirwa aldehydes kuita nitriles. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakare kuunza imwe kabhoni atomu mualdehydes nemaketone. Iyi nzira ine zvakakosha zvinovaka muEnantiospecific yakazara synthesis yejiadifenolide uye inhanho inokosha mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, zvakadai sekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakadai seclerodane, caribenol A uye caribenol B [6] (Mufananidzo 5).

2.5 electrochemical cyanide maitiro e organic amine

Seyakasvibira synthesis tekinoroji, organic electrochemical synthesis yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeorganic synthesis. Mumakore achangopfuura, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vakanyatsoteerera. PrashanthW. Menezes timu [7] nguva pfupi yadarika yakashuma kuti amine inonhuhwirira kana aliphatic amine inogona kuve yakananga oxidized kune inoenderana cyano compounds mu1m KOH mhinduro (pasina kuwedzera cyanide reagent) ine inogara ichigona ye1.49vrhe uchishandisa yakachipa Ni2Si catalyst, ine goho rakawanda (Mufananidzo 6) .

03 pfupiso

Cyanidation yakakosha zvikuru organic synthesis reaction. Kutanga kubva papfungwa yegreen chemistry, zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari cyanide reagents anoshandiswa kutsiva echinyakare chepfu uye inokuvadza reagents cyanide, uye nzira nyowani dzakadai seye solvent-isina, non catalytic uye microwave irradiation dzinoshandiswa kuwedzera chiyero nekudzika kwekutsvagisa, saka. sekuunza mabhenefiti makuru ehupfumi, magariro uye zvakatipoteredza mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri [8]. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi kwetsvagiridzo yesainzi, cyanide reaction inosimudzira yakanangana negoho repamusoro, hupfumi uye green chemistry.