1,3-Dichlorobenzene imvura isina ruvara uye inonhuwa. Isoluble mumvura, soluble mudoro uye ether. Toxic kumuviri wemunhu, inogumbura maziso neganda. Inopfuta uye inogona kupinda chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, uye hydrolysis reactions. Inopindirana nechisimba nealuminium uye inoshandiswa mune organic synthesis.

1. Properties: mvura isina ruvara uye inonhuwa.
2. Kunyungudika (℃): -24.8
3. Kuvira (℃): 173
4. Hukama density (mvura = 1): 1.29
5. Hukama hwemhute (mhepo=1): 5.08
6. Saturated mhute pressure (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Kupisa kwekupisa (kJ / mol): -2952.9
8. Tembiricha yakakosha (℃): 415.3
9. Kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya (MPa): 4.86
10. Octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.53
11. Flash point (℃): 72
12. Ignition tembiricha (℃): 647
13. Muganho wekuputika kwepamusoro (%): 7.8
14. Muganho wakaderera wekuputika (%): 1.8
15. Solubility: isinganyungudika mumvura, inonyungudika mu ethanol uye ether, uye inonyungudika nyore muacetone.
16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Ignition point (ºC): 648
18. Kupisa kwekuputika (KJ / mol, bp): 38.64
19. Kupisa kwekugadzirwa (KJ/mol, 25ºC, mvura): 20.47
20. Kupisa kwekupisa (KJ/mol, 25ºC, mvura): 2957.72
21. Chaicho kupisa simba (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, mvura): 1.13
22. Solubility (%, mvura, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Hukama density (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Kazhinji tembiricha refractive index (n25): 1.5434
25. Solubility parameter (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Van der Waals nzvimbo (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Van der Waals volume (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Muyero wechikamu chemvura unoreva kupisa (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Liquid phase standard inopisa melt (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Chiyero chegasi chinoti kupisa (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Entropy yakajairwa yegasi chikamu (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Yakajairika simba remahara rekugadzira mugasi chikamu (kJ · mol-1): 78.0
33. Gasi chikamu chiyero chinopisa chakanyunguduka (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Kuchengeta nzira
Chengetedzo yekuchengetedza [Chengetedza munzvimbo inotonhorera, ine mhepo yekuchengetera mhepo. Ramba kure nemoto nekupisa. Chengetedza mudziyo wakavharwa zvakasimba. Inofanirwa kuchengetwa zvakasiyana kubva kune oxidants, aluminiyamu, uye makemikari anodyika, uye kudzivirira kusanganiswa kuchengetedza. Yakashongedzerwa nemhando yakakodzera uye huwandu hwemidziyo yemoto. Imba yekuchengetera inofanirwa kuve neyakavharika yekukurumidzira kurapwa michina uye yakakodzera yekuchengetedza zvinhu.

Gadzirisa sarudzo:

Nzira dzekugadzirira dzinotevera. Kushandisa chlorobenzene sechinhu chakabikwa chekuwedzera klorini, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene uye m-dichlorobenzene inowanikwa. Iyo yakawanda yekuparadzanisa nzira inoshandisa yakasanganiswa dichlorobenzene yekuenderera mberi distillation. Iyo para- uye meta-dichlorobenzene yakasvibiswa kubva pamusoro peshongwe, p-dichlorobenzene inonatswa nechando uye crystallization, uye mai doro rinobva ragadziriswa kuti riwane meta-dichlorobenzene. Iyo o-dichlorobenzene inopenya yakanyungudutswa mushongwe yekupenya kuti iwane o-dichlorobenzene. Parizvino, dichlorobenzene yakasanganiswa inotora nzira yekushambadza uye kuparadzanisa, kushandisa molecular sieve se adsorbent, uye gasi gasi rakasanganiswa dichlorobenzene rinopinda mushongwe yeadsorption, iyo inogona kusarudza adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, uye mvura yakasara ndeye meta uye ortho dichlorobenzene. Kugadzirisa kuwana m-dichlorobenzene uye o-dichlorobenzene. Iyo adsorption tembiricha ndeye 180-200 ° C, uye adsorption pressure ndeye yakajairika kumanikidza.

1. Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization nzira: Meta-phenylenediamine inonzi diazotized pamberi pe sodium nitrite uye sulfuric acid, tembiricha ye diazotization i 0～5 ℃, uye diazonium liquid inogadzirwa ne hydrolyzed muhupo hwe cuprous chloride kuti ibudise intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Meta-chloroaniline nzira: Kushandisa meta-chloroaniline seyakasvibirira, diazotization inoitwa pamberi pe sodium nitrite uye hydrochloric acid, uye diazonium mvura inogadziriswa hydrolyzed muhupo hwe cuprous chloride kugadzira meta-dichlorobenzene.

Pakati penzira dzakati wandei dzekugadzirira, nzira yakanyatsokodzera maindasitiri uye mutengo wakaderera ndiyo adsorption yekuparadzanisa nzira yedichlorobenzene yakasanganiswa. Iko kune kare zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira muChina zvekugadzira.

Chinangwa chikuru:

1. Inoshandiswa mune organic synthesis. The Friedel-Crafts reaction pakati pe-m-dichlorobenzene uye chloroacetyl chloride inobereka 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, iyo inoshandiswa sepakati pe-broad-spectrum antifungal drug miconazole. Iyo chlorination reaction inoitwa pamberi peferric chloride kana aluminium mercury, kunyanya kugadzira 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Muhupo hwechigadziriso, inoiswa hydrolyzed pa550-850 ° C kugadzira m-chlorophenol uye resorcinol. Ichishandisa copper oxide sechinhu chinokonzeresa, inopindirana neconcentrated ammonia pa150-200°C pasi pekumanikidzwa kugadzira m-phenylenediamine.
2. Inoshandiswa mukugadzira dhayi, organic synthesis intermediates uye solvents.

Toxicological data:

1. Acute toxicity: mouse intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg/kg, hapana tsanangudzo kunze kwechirwere chinouraya;

2. Multi-dose toxicity data: rat oral TDLo: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, chiropa-chiropa kuchinja uremu, muviri wose wemetabolism, calcium-enzyme inhibition, indundundu kuchinja kana kuchinja muropa kana matishu mazinga-phosphatase;

Rat oral TDLo: 3330mg / kg / 90D-I, endocrine shanduko, kuchinja kweropa-serum zvikamu (zvakadai seti polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), biochemical-enzyme inhibition, inducing kana kushandura ropa kana mazinga enyama-dehydrogenation Enzyme shanduko.

3. Mutagenicity data: gene conversion uye mitosis recombinationTEST system: Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Micronucleus test IntraperitonealTEST system: rodent-rat: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Iyo huturu inoderera zvishoma pane ye-o-dichlorobenzene, uye inogona kutorwa kuburikidza neganda uye mucous membranes. Inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwechiropa neitsvo. The olfactory pachikumbaridzo concentration ndeye 0.2mg/L (mvura yemhando).

5. Acute toxicity LD50: 1062mg/kg (mbeva intravenous); 1062mg/kg (mbeva yemudumbu mhango)

6. Inogumbura Hapana ruzivo

7. Mutagenic gene shanduko uye mitotic recombination: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Micronucleus test: intraperitoneal administration ye175mg/kg (24h) mumakonzo.

8. Carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity review: Boka rechitatu, humbowo huripo haugoni kuisa kenza yevanhu.