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Mhoroi, uyu ndiye CEO Athena kubva kuMit-Ivy Industry yeChemical muChina.
Zvinhu Zvinopindirana: Zvinhu zvinopindirana neDyestuff ibazi rakakosha zvikuru muindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka, uye kukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yedhayi kunoenderana nekukura kwezvinhu zvinopindirana nazvo.
Kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvedhayi nepigment muChina kwave kuchikura zvakanyanya kubvira kuma1950. Nekukwikwidza kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera mumusika, zvishandiso zvedhayi nepigment zvave zvichivandudzwa mukugadzira tekinoroji; vakaita budiriro muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekugadzira mhando itsva, kuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira, kutsvaga nzira itsva, mashandisirwo matsva emhando dzekare, kuchengetedza nharaunda, nezvimwewo, uye kushandisa tekinoroji yakachena yekugadzira zvishandiso zvedhayi nepigment.
1
Kuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwepakati

Kutaura zvazviri, kushandiswa kwekugadzirwa kwemishonga yepakati nepakati kune mativi akawanda, imwe nzira inoshandiswa mukugadzira dye inonzi dye intermediates, uye inoshandiswa mumishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yemishonga uye inonzi zvipembenene, mishonga yepakati nepakati. Mishonga yepakati nepakati inofanirwa kutariswa sebazi reindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka zvachose, haifanirwe kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya kuita dyestuff intermediates, mishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yepakati nepakati neindasitiri, izvo zvichaderedza kushandiswa kwemamwe mishonga yepakati nepakati uye kukanganisa kukura kwawo.

Ongororo yemakemikari akanaka inoratidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, pamusoro pemhando shoma dzehukuru hwekugadzira hwakakura zvikuru, mhando zhinji dze tonnage hadzisi dzakakura zvakanyanya, asi maitiro ekugadzirira anowanzo kuve akaoma, anosanganisira maitiro akawanda eyuniti uye maitiro ekuparadzanisa, kugadzirwa kwakagadzirawo huwandu hwakawanda hwe "marara matatu" anofanirwa kubatwa nemazvo. Saka, tinofanira kuita tsvakurudzo yemaitiro ezvigadzirwa zvakatevedzana uye kuronga kugadzirwa kwepakati zvine musoro kuitira kuti tiwane mabhenefiti akanaka ehukuru.

Kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu enyika dzekunze, tsvakiridzo nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yepakati zvinowanzo nyatso gadzirwa kuti zvibudirire, seti yemidziyo yekugadzira inogona kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana kusvika gumi nembiri dzemidziyo yepakati, tsvakiridzo yakadaro nekugadzirwa kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwese, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva kuri nyore kushandisa, kuchaita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakapetwa kaviri nehafu yekuedza. Mamiriro eJapan anogona kunge ari ekutarisa kwedu, kugadzirwa kwekutanga kwemidziyo yepakati muJapan kwakapararirawo zvakanyanya, kubva kuma1960 kwave nekanomwe kugadzirisa, kutarisa.

Kuburikidza nekushandura nekusimudzira, indasitiri yeChina yekugadzira dhayi nepigment yasvika padanho repamusoro maererano nehukuru hwekugadzira, tekinoroji nedanho remidziyo, izvo zvisingangogone kugutsa zvinodiwa nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira dhayi nepigment yemuno chete, asiwo kupa michina yemhando yepamusoro kune dzimwe nyika.

Zvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu zvepakati zvinotorwa zvakanyanya kubva muzvigadzirwa zvemafuta nemakemikari ekubika, mazhinji acho ari benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone compounds, uye mamwe macompounds eheterocyclic, uye organic pigments yakagadzirwa neheterocyclic compounds intermediates iri kuwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Pamusoro pezvo, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of compounds, izvi zvinhu zvakaoma zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira madhayi, saka kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuchave kwakapararira uye kwakajairika.
2
Maitiro emakemikari anowanzo shandiswa kune vari pakati

Kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuita dhayi (ruvara) pakati pemakemikari anonyanya kushandiswa ndeinotevera.
(1) kuita kwesulfonation
(2) Kuita kwe nitration
(3) maitiro e halogenation
(4) Kuderedza maitiro ekugadzira amino
(5) Diazotization reaction (inowanzo perekedzwa ne coupling reaction)
(6) alkali fusion reaction inotsiva boka re sulfonic acid kuita hydroxyl
(7) Kuita kweAcylation
(8) Kuita kweOxidation
(9) kuumbwa kwemvura inodziya uye kuita kuti carbonation iite
(10) Kunhuhwirira (kunyanya amino)
(11) kutsivana kwemapoka ehydroxyl nemaamino
(12) hydroxyl kana amino hydrocarbonation reaction
Zvichienderana nechimiro chemhete huru inonhuhwirira yemakemikari akanaka, mhete idzi dzinogona kukamurwa kuita aliphatic system, benzene system, naphthalene system, anthraquinone system, heterocyclic system uye thick ring system. Nyika yedu inogona kugadzira mhando dzinopfuura mazana mana dzemhete dzakadai sebenzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic nedzimwe mhete dzekupenda nepigment, izvo zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvandudza indasitiri yekupenda nepigment.
Mufananidzo
3
Mhando huru dze benzene system

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxy-diethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o- uye p-aminoanisole, DSD N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxyaniline, 2-4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- uye para-esters, nezvimwewo.
4
Mhando huru dzemhando dzepakati dzakagadzirwa neNaphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ-acid, G-munyu, R-munyu, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, nezvimwewo. Mhando huru dzeanthraquinone-based intermediates ndeidzi: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, nezvimwewo.
5
Mhando huru dzemhando dzeHeterocyclic negobvu-ringed

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, tetracarboxylic anhydride, nezvimwewo.