. Nhanhatu huru machira fastness

1. Kutsanya kwechiedza

Kutsanya kwechiedza kunoreva mwero wekushanduka kwemavara emachira ane mavara nechiedza chezuva. Iyo nzira yekuyedza inogona kuve kubuda kwezuva kana masikati machena muchina. Dhigirii inopera yemuenzaniso mushure mekuratidzwa inofananidzwa neyakajairwa ruvara sampu. Yakakamurwa kuita nhanho 8, 8 ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka, uye 1 ndiyo yakaipisisa. Micheka ine chiedza chisina kusimba haifaniri kuratidzwa nezuva kwenguva yakareba, uye inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo inofefetera kuti iome mumumvuri.

2. Kukwiza fastness

Rubbing fastness (rubbing fastness) zvinoreva kushanduka kwemavara emachira akadhayiwa mushure mekukwesha, anogona kupatsanurwa kuita kukwizwa kwakaoma nekukwesha kwemvura. Iko kukurumidza kwekukwesha kunoongororwa zvichienderana nechiyero chejira jena kusviba, uye rakakamurwa kuita mashanu mazinga (1 ~ 5). Iyo yakakura kukosha, zviri nani kukwesha nekukurumidza. Upenyu hwebasa remachira ane urombo hwekurasa kukurumidza kunogumira.

3. Washing fastness

Washing or sipo fastness zvinoreva kushanduka kwemavara emachira akadhayiwa mushure mekugeza nemvura yekuwachisa. Kazhinji, grey graded sample card inoshandiswa seyero yekuongorora, kureva kuti, mutsauko weruvara pakati peyekutanga sampuli uye faded sampuli inoshandiswa kutonga. Kukurumidza kuwacha kwakakamurwa kuita giredhi 5, giredhi 5 ndiro rakanakisa uye giredhi 1 ndiro rakaipisisa. Iyo micheka ine kushambidzika kwekugeza kwakashata inofanira kunge yakaoma-yakacheneswa. Kana dzakanyorova-yakashambidzwa, mamiriro ekugeza anofanirwa kubhadharwa zvakanyanya, senge tembiricha yekuwachisa haifanirwe kunge yakakwira uye nguva haifanirwe kunge yakareba.

4. Iron fastness

Ironing fastness inoreva kushanduka kwemavara kana kupera kwemachira akadhayiwa panguva yekuaina. Chiyero chekushanduka kwemavara uye kupera kunoongororwa nekusvibiswa kwesimbi kune mamwe machira panguva imwe chete. Ironing fastness yakakamurwa kuita giredhi 1 kusvika 5, giredhi 5 richive rakanakisa uye giredhi 1 richive rakaipisisa. Paunenge uchiyedza kutsanya kwe ironing yemachira akasiyana, tembiricha yesimbi inoshandiswa pakuedzwa inofanira kusarudzwa.

5. Kubuda ziya

Dikita (Perspiration fastness) zvinoreva kushanduka kwemavara emucheka wakadhayiwa mushure mekunyudzwa mudikita. Kumhanya kwedikita hakuna kufanana nekugadzirwa kwedikita rakagadzirwa, saka rinowanzoongororwa pamwe chete nemamwe mavara emhando pamwe nechiyero chakasiyana. Kumhanya kwedikita kwakakamurwa kuita 1 ~ 5 mamakisi, iyo yakakura kukosha, zviri nani.

6. Sublimation fastness

Sublimation fastness inoreva chiyero che sublimation yemachira akadhayiwa mukuchengetedza. Iyo sublimation fastness inoongororwa negrey giredhi remuenzaniso kadhi yehupamhi hwekuchinja, kupera uye kusvibiswa kwejira jena mushure mekuoma kupisa kwekutsikirira kurapwa. Kune 5 mamakisi, 1 ndiye akaipisisa, uye 5 ndiye akanakisa. Kutsanya kwedhayi kwemachira akajairwa kunowanzo kudiwa kusvika padanho 3 ~ 4 kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakupfeka.

, Nzira yekudzora kutsanya kwakasiyana-siyana

Kugona kwemucheka kuchengetedza ruvara rwayo rwekutanga mushure mekudhaya kunogona kuratidzwa nekuyedzwa kwakasiyana kukurumidza kwemavara. Zvinowanzo shandiswa zviratidzo kuyedza kukurumidza kudhaya zvinosanganisira kukurumidza kugeza machira, kukurumidza kukwesha, kukurumidza kwezuva, sublimation fastness zvichingodaro. Izvo zviri nani kukurumidza kushambidza, kukwesha, zuva uye sublimation yejira, zviri nani dhayi kukurumidza kwejira.

Pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kutsanya kuri pamusoro:

Yokutanga ndiyo maitiro edhayi

Chechipiri ndiko kuumbwa kwekudhaya uye kupedzisa nzira

Kusarudzwa kwedhayi dzine zvinhu zvakanaka ndiyo nheyo yekuvandudza kukurumidza kwedhayi, uye kuumbwa kwemavara anonzwisisika uye kupedzisa teknolojia ndiyo kiyi yekuita kuti kuve nekutsanya kwemavara. Izvo zviviri zvinopindirana uye hazvigone kuenzana.

Washing fastness

Iko kukurumidza kugeza kwejira kunosanganisira zvinhu zviviri: kukurumidza kupera uye kukurumidza kushatisa. Kazhinji, kushata kuri kupera kwejira, ndiko kuwedzera kutsanya kwemavara.

Paunenge uchiyedza kukurumidza kweruvara rwejira, unogona kuona kusvibiswa kweruvara rwefayibha nekuyedza kusvibiswa kweruvara rwefiber pane matanhatu anowanzo shandiswa machira machira (aya matanhatu anowanzo shandiswa machira anowanzo sanganisira polyester, naironi, donje, acetate, makushe kana sirika, acrylic faibha yakasvibiswa ruvara kutsanya bvunzo kazhinji neyakazvimiririra yakazvimiririra yekuongorora kambani kuti ipedze, bvunzo iyi ine chinangwa chisina rusarura) yezvigadzirwa zvefiber, kugeza kukurumidza kwedhayi dzinoshanda kuri nani pane dhayi yakananga, insoluble azo dhayi uye VAT dhayi uye sulfur dhayi yekudhaya maitiro ane hukama neanoshanda madhayi uye akananga dhayi akanyanya kuomarara, saka kumashure kune matatu akanakisa kugeza kukurumidza kwedhayi. Nokudaro, kuti uvandudze kukurumidza kushambidzika kwezvigadzirwa zvefiber cellulose, hazvidikanwi chete kusarudza dhayi yakarurama, asiwo kusarudza nzira yakarurama yekudhaya. Kusimbaradza kwakakodzera kwekugezesa, kugadzirisa uye sipo zviri pachena zvinogona kuvandudza kushambidzika kwekugeza.

Kana iri yakadzika yakadzika ruvara rwepolyester fiber, chero bedzi jira rakanyatsoderedzwa uye rakacheneswa, kukurumidza kugeza mushure mekudhaya kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nemutengi. Asi nekuti mazhinji emucheka wepolyester ne pad cationic organic silicon softener kupedzisa kupedzisa kugadzirisa jira rinonzwa rakapfava, panguva imwe chete, iyo anion bonde mukuparadzira dhayi zvinoparadzira dhayi mumucheka wepolyester ane tembiricha yekupedzisa dhizaini inogona kupisa kupisa uye. kupararira mukati mefiber pamusoro, saka iyo yakadzika ruvara rwepolyester jira chimiro mushure mekugeza kukurumidza inogona kuve isina kukodzera. Izvi zvinoda kuti kusarudzwa kwemadhayi ekuparadzira hakufanirwe kungofunga nezve sublimation fastness yedhayi dzakapararira, asi zvakare funga nezvekupisa kwekushisa kwedhayi. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuyedza kukurumidza kushambidzika kwemachira, zvinoenderana neakasiyana mazinga ekuyedza kukurumidza kugeza kwemachira, isu tichawana mhedziso yedhipatimendi.

Kana vatengi vekune dzimwe nyika vakaisa kumberi kwekuwachisa kutsanya indexes, kana vakakwanisa kuisa mberi yakatarwa kuyedzwa zviyero, zvinozoita kuti kutaurirana kwakanaka pakati pemativi maviri. Yakanatsiridzwa yekugeza uye mushure-kurapwa inogona kuvandudza kukurumidza kugeza kwejira, asi zvakare kuwedzera mwero wekudzikisa wefekitori yekudhaya. Kuwana mamwe madhizaini anoshanda, kugadzira zvine musoro kudhayi uye kupedzisa maitiro, uye kusimbisa tsvagiridzo papfupi-kuyerera maitiro hakungogone kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira, asiwo kunobatsira mukuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza emission.

Friction fastness

Iko kukurumidza kwejira kwejira kwakafanana nekumhanya kwekugeza, iyo inosanganisirawo zvinhu zviviri:

Imwe ndeye dry rub fastness uye imwe ndeye wet rub fastness. Izvo zviri nyore kutarisa kuoma kwekukwesha kukurumidza uye kunyorova kwekukurumidza kwejira nekuenzanisa neruvara rwekuchinja sampuli kadhi uye ruvara rwekusvibisa sampuli kadhi. Kazhinji, giredhi rekuwoma rub fastness rinenge giredhi rimwe rakakwirira pane iro rekunyorova kukurumidza kana uchiongorora kukurumidza kwekukwesha kwemachira eruvara rwakadzika rwakadzika. Yakananga dhayi yakadhayiwa donje jira dema semuenzaniso, kunyangwe kuburikidza inobudirira ruvara kugadzirisa kurapwa, asi yakaoma kukwesha kutsanya uye kunyorova kukwiza kutsanya giredhi haina kunyanya kukwirira, dzimwe nguva haigone kusangana nevatengi zvinodiwa. Kuti uvandudze kukurumidza kwekukwesha, dhayi dzinoshanda, VAT dhayi uye insoluble azo dhayi anonyanya kushandiswa pakudhaya. Kusimbisa kuongorora dhayi, kugadzirisa kurapwa uye sipo-kuwacha matanho anoshanda ekuvandudza kukwiza nekukurumidza kwemachira. Kuti uvandudze kunyorova kwekumhanya kwezvakadzika zvakadzika ruvara cellulose fiber zvigadzirwa, akakosha anobatsira anogona kusarudzwa kuti avandudze kunyorova kwekumhanya kwezvigadzirwa zvemachira, uye kunyorova kwekumhanya kwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kuvandudzwa zviripachena nekunyudza akakosha anobatsira mu. zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa.

Kune zvigadzirwa zvakasviba zvemakemikari fiber filament, kunyorova kwekukurumidza kwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera diki yefluorine yekudzivirira mvura kana chigadzirwa chapedzwa. Kana polyamide faibha yakadhayiwa nedhayi yeasidhi, kunyorova kwekukwesha kwejira re polyamide kunogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa yakakosha kugadzirisa nylon fiber. Kunyorova kwekutsanya giredhi yegiredhi inogona kuderedzwa muyedzo yekunyorova yekutsvaira kukurumidza kwerima rakapedzwa chigadzirwa nekuti mapfupi mafiber ari pamusoro pemucheka wechigadzirwa chakapedzwa achadururwa zviri pachena kupfuura izvo zvezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Kutsanya kwezuva

Chiedza chezuva chine wave-particle duality uye ine simba rakasimba pane molecular chimiro chedhayi nekufambisa simba muchimiro chephoton.

Kana iyo yekutanga chimiro chechromogenic chikamu chechimiro chedhayi chinoparadzwa nemafotoni, ruvara rwechiedza chinoburitswa nedhayi chromogenic muviri unoshanduka, kazhinji ruvara rwunova rwakareruka, kusvika rusina ruvara. Kuchinja kwemavara kwedhayi kunonyanya kuoneka pasi pemamiriro ezuva, uye kukurumidza kuchiedza chezuva chedhayi kwakaipa. Kuti vagadzirise kukurumidza kuchiedza chezuva chedhayi, vagadziri vedhayi vakashandisa nzira dzakawanda. Kuwedzera kuenzana kwema molecular uremu hwedhayi, kuwedzera mukana wekuoma mukati medhayi, kuwedzera mubatanidzwa wedhayi uye kureba kweiyo conjugate system inogona kuvandudza kupenya kwedhayi.

Kune phthalocyanine dhayi, iyo inogona kusvika giredhi 8 chiedza kutsanya, kupenya uye kupenya kumhanyisa kwedhayi kunogona kuvandudzwa zviri pachena nekuwedzera maion simbi akakodzera mukudhaya uye kupedzisa kugadzira mamorekuru akaoma mukati medhayi. Kune machira, kusarudzwa kwedhayi nekutsanya kwezuva kuri nani ndiyo kiyi yekuvandudza giredhi rekumhanya kwezuva rezvigadzirwa. Hazvisi pachena kuvandudza kukurumidza kwezuva kwemachira nekushandura dhayi uye yekupedzisa maitiro.

Sublimation fastness

Kana ari madhayi ekuparadzira, musimboti wekudhaya wepolyester fibers wakasiyana nemamwe madhayi, saka iyo sublimation fastness inogona kutsanangura zvakananga kupikisa kupisa kwekuparadzira dhayi.

Kune mamwe madhayi, kuyedza kukurumidza kuayina kwedhayi uye kuyedza sublimation fastness yedhayi zvine kukosha kwakafanana. Iyo dhayi inopikisa kune sublimation fastness haina kunaka, munzvimbo yakaoma inopisa, chimiro chakasimba chedhayi chiri nyore kuparadzaniswa zvakananga kubva mukati mefiber mune gasi. Saka mupfungwa iyi, dhayi sublimation fastness inogona zvakare kutsanangura zvisina kunanga jira ironing fastness.

Kuti tivandudze dhayi sublimation kukurumidza, isu tinofanirwa kutanga kubva pane zvinotevera zvinhu:

1, yekutanga isarudzo yedhayi

Huremu hwemamorekuru hwakakura, uye chimiro chedhayi chakafanana kana kuti chakafanana nefiber chimiro, chinogona kuvandudza sublimation fastness yemucheka.

2, yechipiri ndeyekuvandudza kudhaya uye kupedzisa maitiro

Kunyatsoderedza crystallinity ye crystalline chikamu che macromolecular chimiro che fiber, kuvandudza crystallinity yeamorphous region, kuitira kuti crystallinity pakati pemukati wefiber iite yakafanana, kuitira kuti dhayi ipinde mukati mefiber. , uye kusanganiswa pakati pefiber kunowedzera yunifomu. Izvi hazvigone chete kuvandudza dhigirii rekuyera, asi zvakare kuvandudza sublimation kukurumidza kwekudhaya. Kana iyo crystallinity yechikamu chimwe nechimwe chefiber isina kuenzana zvakakwana, yakawanda yedhayi inoramba iri muchimiro chakasununguka chenharaunda yeamorphous, ipapo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekunze ekunze, dhayi inogonawo kuparadzaniswa kubva kune amorphous. nharaunda yefiber yemukati, sublimation kusvika pamusoro pejira, nekudaro ichidzikisa iyo textile sublimation kukurumidza.

Kukweshwa uye mercerizing yemachira edonje uye pre-shrinkage uye preshaping yemachira ese epolyester ese maitiro ekuenzanisa mukati mekristaro yefiber. Mushure mekukwesha uye mercerizing jira redonje, mushure mekutanga-shrinkage uye kufanotemerwa polyester jira, kudzika kwayo kwekudhaya uye kukurumidza kwekudhaya kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. dye

Iyo sublimation fastness yejira inogona kuvandudzwa zviri pachena nekusimbisa mushure mekurapa uye kugeza uye kubvisa yakawanda inoyangarara ruvara. Iyo sublimation fastness yejira inogona kuvandudzwa zviri pachena nekudzikisa tembiricha yekuisa zvakanaka. Dambudziko rekudzikisira kugadzikana kwejira rinokonzerwa nekutonhodza rinogona kubhadharwa nekudzikisa kasidhi yekuseta zvakakodzera. Kuchenjerera kunofanirawo kubhadharwa kune mhedzisiro yezvinowedzera pakudhaya kukurumidza kana mumiriri wekupedzisa asarudzwa. Semuenzaniso, kana ma cationic softeners achishandiswa mukupedza kupfava kwemachira epolyester, kutama kwemafuta ekuparadzira madhayi kunogona kutungamira kune sublimation yekukurumidza bvunzo yekuparadzira dhayi kutadza. Kubva pakuona kwemhando yekushisa yekuparadzira dhayi pachayo, tembiricha yekuparadzira dhayi ine zvirinani sublimation fastness.