Makambani akasiyana ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemhando yeammonia uye mutengo wayo.

Kubva mugore ra2022, kuronga chirongwa che green ammonia chemuno kwave kuchiitwa, tichifunga kuti nguva yekuvaka chirongwa ichi inowanzova makore maviri kusvika matatu, chirongwa che green ammonia chemuno chave kuda kuunza kugadzirwa kwepakati. Indasitiri iyi inofanotaura kuti panosvika gore ra2024, green ammonia yemuno ichasvika pamusika, uye kugona kwayo kuchasvika pamamiriyoni imwe chete ematani pagore panosvika gore ra2025. Kubva pamaonero ekudiwa kwe market synthetic ammonia, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemusika zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemhando yechigadzirwa uye mutengo we synthetic ammonia, uye zvakakoshawo kutanga kubva pane mafambiro emusika wega wega kuti uongorore mukana we green ammonia pamusika.

Zvichibva pahuwandu hwese hwekuwanikwa uye kudiwa kweammonia yekugadzira muChina, kudiwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvechikamu chega chega chemusika uye mutengo weammonia, tsvakiridzo yeNENG Jing yakangoongorora purofiti nenzvimbo yemusika yeammonia yegirini munzira yega yega yemusika kuti ishandiswe muindasitiri.

01 Musika weGreen Ammonia une nzira nhatu huru

Padanho rino, kuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwemusika wekugadzira ammonia wemuno kwakaenzana, uye pane imwe pressure yekukwanisa kukwira.

Kudivi rekuda, kushandiswa kuri pachena kuri kuramba kuchikura. Sekureva kweNational Bureau of Statistics nedata recustoms, musika weamoniya yakagadzirwa unotongwa nekushandiswa kwemumba, uye kushandiswa kuri pachena kweamoniya yakagadzirwa mumba kuchawedzera neinenge 1% pagore kubva muna 2020 kusvika 2022, kusvika pamatani angangoita mamiriyoni 53.2 panosvika 2022. Panosvika 2025, nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwecaprolactam nezvimwe zvishandiso zviri pasi, zvinotarisirwa kutsigira kukura kwekushandiswa kweamoniya yakagadzirwa, uye kushandiswa kuri pachena kuchasvika matani mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu.

Kudivi rekugovera, huwandu hwese hwekugadzira ammonia yakagadzirwa huri padanho re "kudzika". Sekureva kwedata reNitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, kubva pakavhurwa kugona kwekugadzira ammonia yakagadzirwa muChina munguva ye "13th Five-Year Plan", kugadziriswa kwechimiro chekugadzira kwapera panosvika 2022, uye kugona kwekugadzira ammonia yakagadzirwa kwachinja kubva pakudzikira kusvika pakuwedzera kekutanga, kuchidzoka kubva pamamiriyoni 64.88 ematani pagore muna 2021 kusvika pamamiriyoni 67.6 ematani pagore, uye anopfuura mamiriyoni 4 ematani pagore (kusasanganisa ammonia yegirini) akarongwa kuti anyure. Pakazosvika 2025, huwandu hwekugadzira kana anopfuura mamiriyoni 70 ematani pagore, njodzi yekuwanda kwehuwandu hwacho inenge yakakwira.

Kurima, indasitiri yemakemikari uye simba zvichave nzira nhatu huru dzemusika dzeammonia yakagadzirwa uye ammonia yegirini. Minda yekurima neyemakemikari ndiyo inoumba musika wemasheya weammonia yakagadzirwa. Sekureva kwedata reZhuochuang Information, muna 2022, kushandiswa kweammonia yakagadzirwa mumunda wekurima kuchave neinenge 69% yekushandiswa kwese kweammonia yakagadzirwa muChina, kunyanya kugadzirwa kweurea, phosphate fertilizer nedzimwe fetereza; Kushandiswa kweammonia yakagadzirwa muindasitiri yemakemikari kunoita neinenge 31%, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemakemikari zvakaita se nitric acid, caprolactam uye acrylonitrile. Chikamu chesimba ndicho musika wemangwana weammonia yakagadzirwa. Sekureva kwehuwandu nekuverenga kweEnergy research, padanho rino, kushandiswa kweammonia yakagadzirwa mumunda wesimba kuchiri pasi pe0.1% yekushandiswa kwese kweammonia yakagadzirwa, uye panosvika 2050, chikamu chekushandiswa kweammonia yakagadzirwa mumunda wesimba chinotarisirwa kusvika kupfuura 25%, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kushandiswa anosanganisira hydrogen storage carriers, mafuta ekufambisa, uye ammonia-doped combustion muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopisa.

02 Kudiwa kwekurima – Kudzora mutengo kwakasimba, purofiti yeammonia yakasvibirira yakaderera zvishoma, kudiwa kweammonia mumunda wekurima kwakagadzikana. Mamiriro ekushandiswa kweammonia mumunda wekurima anosanganisira kugadzirwa kweurea neammonium phosphate fertilizer. Pakati pazvo, kugadzirwa kweurea ndiko kwakanyanya kushandiswa kweammonia mumunda wekurima, uye matani 0.57-0.62 eammonia anodyiwa patani imwe chete yeurea inogadzirwa. Sekureva kweNational Bureau of Statistics, kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2022, kugadzirwa kweurea yemumba kwaichinja-chinja kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni makumi mashanu pagore, uye kudiwa kwakafanana kweammonia yakagadzirwa kwaive matani mamiriyoni makumi matatu pagore. Huwandu hweammonia inodyiwa neammonium phosphate fertilizer hunosvika matani mamiriyoni mashanu pagore, izvo zvakagadzikanawo.

Kugadzirwa kwefetereza yenitrogen mumunda wekurima kune zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekuchena uye kunaka kweammonia. Zvichienderana ne standard yenyika GB536-88, ammonia yemvura ine zvigadzirwa zvakanaka, zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera magiredhi matatu, huwandu hweammonia hwakasvika 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.6% kana kupfuura. Fetereza yenitrogen, senge urea, ine zvinodiwa zvakakura zvemhando uye kuchena kwezvigadzirwa, uye vagadziri vanowanzoda zvigadzirwa zveammonia yemvura kuti vasvike pagiredhi rezvigadzirwa zvakakodzera. Mutengo wese weammonia mukurima wakaderera. Kubva pamaonero ekuwanikwa kweammonia uye mutengo weammonia, urea yemumba uye imwe ammonium phosphate fertilizer yekugadzira ine plant yeammonia yakazvivakira, mutengo weammonia unoenderana nemutengo wemusika wemarasha, gasi rechisikigo uye kushanda zvakanaka kweplant yeammonia, mutengo weammonia unowanzova 1500~3000 yuan/tani. Pakazara, mutengo unogamuchirwa wezvishandiso zveammonia mumunda wekurima usingasviki 4000 yuan/tani. Zvichienderana nedata rezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvevemabhizinesi, kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2022, urea inosvika 2,600 yuan/tani pamutengo wepamusoro, uye inenge 1,700 yuan/tani pamutengo wakaderera. Tsvagiridzo yesimba yakasanganiswa nematanho akasiyana-siyana emitengo yakazara yezvinhu zvakabikwa, mitengo yekushanda nezvimwe zvinhu, kana pasina kurasikirwa, urea pamitengo yepamusoro uye yakaderera inoenderana nemitengo yeammonia inosvika 3900 yuan/tani kusvika 2200 yuan/tani, mumutsetse wemitengo yeammonia yegirini uye pasi pedanho.