01 General mamiriro

MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanic acid) ndeye polyurethane zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neisocyanate, polyol uye mubatsiri wayo, uyo unoshandiswa mumidziyo yemumba, zvivakwa, zvekufambisa uye zvimwe zviitiko.

MDI inoonekwa seimwe yezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvine zvipingamupinyi zvakanyanyisa muindasitiri yemakemikari. Iyo synthesis process ye isocyanate yakareba, kusanganisira nitration reaction, kuderedza kuita uye acidification reaction.

Kune maviri makuru ekugadzira maitiro eMDI: phosgenation uye isiri-phosgenation. Phosgene process ndiyo yakajairwa tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri yeisocyanates parizvino, uye ndiyo chete nzira inogona kuwana yakakura-yakakura kugadzirwa kweisocyanates. Nekudaro, phosgene ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa pasi pemamiriro akasimba easidhi, izvo zvinoda yakakwirira michina uye tekinoroji.

02 mhando

MDI inowanzokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: polymer MDI, yakachena MDI uye yakagadziridzwa MDI:

Polymerized MDI chinhu chakasvibirira chekugadzirwa kwepolyurethane yakaoma furo uye semi-yakaoma furo, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvakapedzwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mufiriji, zvigadziriso zvinopisa zvinopisa, zvikamu zvemotokari uye mamwe maindasitiri.

Pure MDI inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dze polyurethane elastomers, dzinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, spandex, PU leather slurry, zvinonamira shangu, uye zvakare inoshandiswa mu microporous elastomer zvinhu, se soles, matai akasimba, wega. -kupwanya furo, mabhampa emota, zvemukati trim zvikamu, uye kugadzirwa kwe cast polyurethane elastomers.

Sechinobva kune MDI akatevedzana zvigadzirwa, yakagadziridzwa MDI ndeye tekinoroji yekuwedzera yeMDI yakachena uye polymerized MDI zvigadzirwa zvinowanzoshandiswa pamusika parizvino, uye inogona kupa yakasarudzika yekushandisa uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvinoenderana nemusiyano wekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa dhizaini uye synthesis maitiro, saka sekushandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhururu akapfava, elastomers, coatings, adhesives nemimwe minda.

03 Kumusoro nekudzika kweketani yemaindasitiri

Kumusoro kwemafuta, gasi rechisikigo, iron ore nezvimwe zviwanikwa;

Iwo epakati anosvika makemikari ari pakati pezvigadzirwa uye pasi pemvura zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira, zvinomiririra WH Chemical, WX petrochemical, nezvimwe.

Iyo yakadzika ndiyo yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, senge mapurasitiki, rabha, mishonga yezvipembenene, mafetiraiza, nezvimwe, zvinomiririra kambani JF Technology, LL matayi, RL makemikari, HR Hengsheng, nezvimwe.

04 Kuongorora kwekuda uye kusiyana kwemusika

Polyurethane inogadzirwa neMDI ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikumbiro zvepasi, zvakanyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekuvaka, indasitiri yeimba, midziyo yemumba, indasitiri yekufambisa, indasitiri yeshangu, nezvimwewo. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kweMDI kunoenderana zvakanyanya nedhigirii rekubudirira kwehupfumi hwenyika.

Kubva pamaonero epasirese, iyo yakazara mashandisirwo chimiro chepolymerized MDI muna 2021 inonyanya: 49% yeindasitiri yekuvaka, 21% yemidziyo yemumba, 17% yekunamira, uye 11% yemotokari.

Kubva pamaonero epamba, chikamu chepolymerized MDI yekushandisa chimiro muna 2021 inonyanya: 40% yezvinhu zvichena, 28% yeindasitiri yekuvaka, 16% yekunamira, uye 7% yemotokari.

05 Makwikwi maitiro

Rutivi rwekupa rweMDI runopa iyo yemakwikwi maitiro e oligopoly. Kune vagadziri vasere vakuru veMDI munyika, uye vagadziri vatatu vepamusoro nehukuru ndiWH Chemical, BASF neCovestro, ine huwandu hwakasanganiswa hwemabhizinesi matatu anoverengera inodarika makumi matanhatu muzana yehuwandu hwekugadzira pasirese. Pakati pavo, WH Chemical ndiyo inotungamira bhizinesi muChina MDI indasitiri uye bhizimusi repasi rose rekugadzira MDI.