Inozivikanwawo se dimethyl tiphenylamine, mvura ine mafuta isina ruvara kusvika yeyero yakapfava, ine hwema hunorwadza, iri nyore kuoxidize mumhepo kana pasi pezuva uye inoshandisa ze darked density. (20)℃/ 4℃) 0.9555, nzvimbo yechando 2.0℃, pokufashaira 193℃, poindi yekupenya (kutanga) 77℃, poindi yekupenya 317℃, kusviba (25)℃) 1.528mpa-s, refractive index (n20D) 1.5584. Inonyungudika mu ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene nezvimwe zvinonyungudika zve organic. Inonyungudika mumhando dzakasiyana dze organic compounds. Inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura. Inonyungudikainobatika uye ichatsva kana pakava nemoto wakavhurika. Utsi nemhepo zvinogadzira musanganiswa unoputika une muganho unoputika we1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ine chepfu yakawanda, uye gasi reaniline rine chepfu rinoburitswa nekuora kwesimba rekupisa kwakanyanya. Rinogona kunyudzwa nepaganda uye kukonzera chepfu, LD501410mg/kg, huwandu hwepamusoro hunobvumirwa mumhepo i5mg/m3.

Nzira yekuchengetedza

1. Kuchengetedza[25] Chengeta mudura rinotonhorera, rine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka. Chengeta kure nemoto nekupisa. Chengeta mudziyo wakavharwa. Unofanira kuchengetwa wakasiyana neacids, halogens, uye makemikari anodyiwa, uye usambosanganiswa. Wakashongedzerwa nemhando dzakakodzera uye huwandu hwemidziyo yekudzivirira moto. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekurapa nekukurumidzira yekudonhedza mvura uye zvinhu zvakakodzera zvekuchengetedza.

2. Tora chivharo chesimbi chakavharwa nedhiramu, 180kg padhiramu rega rega, wochichengeta munzvimbo inotonhorera uye ine mhepo. Chengeta uye takura zvinoenderana nemitemo yezvinhu zvinobvira moto uye zvine chepfu.

nzira yekugadzira

1. Inowanikwa kuburikidza nekuita pakati peaniline nemethanol kana paine sulfuric acid pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kuyerera kwemaitiro: 1. 790kg yeaniline, 625kg yemethanol, 85kg yesulfuric acid (ammonium 100%) zvinowedzerwa mukettle ye reaction, tembiricha yekudzora 210-215℃, kudzvanywa kwe3.1MPa, pindura kwemaawa mana, wobva wasunungura kudzvanywa, chinhu chacho chinoburitswa muchina wekuparadzanisa, chobviswa simba ne30% sodium hydroxide, static, uye munyu we quaternary ammonium wakaderera unoparadzaniswa. Wobva waparadzaniswa ne160.℃, 0.7-0.9MPa hydrolysis reaction kwemaawa matatu, zvigadzirwa zvehydrolysis uye chikamu chepamusoro chezvinhu zvine mafuta zvinosanganiswa nekusuka mushure mekunyungudutswa kwechigadzirwa chapera.

2. Ichishandisa methanol neaniline sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, inogadzirwa nealumina catalyst pasi pemamiriro e200-250℃ine methanol yakawandisa uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Chiyero chekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisina kubikwa: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/tMushonga werabhoritari unogona kuita aniline ne trimethyl phosphate.

3. aniline ne methanol zvakasanganiswa (n aniline: n methanol≈1:3), uye kuburikidza nepombi yekuyera isingapindi pulse inopinzwa nemhepo ine 0.5h-1 mu reactor ine catalyst, reaction inotanga kubuda mugirazi gas-liquid separator, iyo separator pasi pemvura inounganidzwa nguva nenguva inobviswa kuti iongororwe chromatographic.

Muna 2001, Nankai University neTianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. vakagadzira pamwe chete aniline methylation catalyst inoshanda zvikuru, uye vakagadzira gas-phase synthesis yeN,N-dimethyl aniline. Maitiro acho ndeekuti: Liquid aniline inosanganiswa nemethanol, yopiswa mu vaporization tower, yozopinda mu tubular reactor ine air velocity ye0.5-1.0h-1 (nzvimbo yakagadzika ye tubular reactor ine loaded nano-solid catalyst), uye inogara ichigadzirwa pa 250-300.℃pasikumanikidzwa kwemhepo, neDMA goho rinodarika 96%.

Nzira yekunatsa: Inowanzova netsvina yakaita seaniline neN-methyl aniline. N,N-dimethylaniline inonyungudutswa mu40% sulfuric acid uye inonyungudutswa newater vapor. Sodium hydroxide inowedzerwa kuti ive alkaline. Kunyungudutswa kunoenderera mberi newater vapor. Distillate inoparadzaniswa kuita aqueous layers uye inoomeswa nepotassium hydroxide. Kunyungudutswa kwepressure yakajairika kunoitwa paine acetic anhydride. Distillate inogezwa nemvura kubvisa zvisaririra zveacetic anhydride, inoomeswa nepotassium hydroxide, inoteverwa nebarium oxide, uye inonyungudutswa nepressure yakaderera kana paine rwizi rwenitrogen. Dzimwe nzira dzekuchenesa distillate dzinosanganisira kuwedzera 10% acetic anhydride uye refluxing kwemaawa mashoma kubvisa primary nesecondary amines. Mushure mekutonhorera, 20% hydrochloric acid inowedzerwa uye inobviswa ne ether. Hydrochloric acid layer ine alkaline ne alkali uye yozobviswa ne ether, uye ether layer inoomeswa ne potassium hydroxide uye inonyungudutswa nepressure yakaderera pasi perwizi rwe nitrogen. N,N-dimethylaniline inogonawo kushandurwa kuita picric acid salts, yozogadziriswazve kuita nzvimbo inonyunguduka nguva dzose yozoora ne 10% aqueous solution ye sodium hydroxide inodziya. Yozobviswa ne ether, yogezwa yoomeswa, yozonyungudutswa nekumanikidzwa kwakaderera.

5. Aniline, methanol uye sulfuric acid zvakasanganiswa muchikamu, condensation reaction mu autoclave, reaction products by the pressure relief recovery of methanol, add alkali neutralization, separation and then distillation by decrease pressure to get the product.

6. N,N-dimethylaniline inogona kugadzirwa nekuita kwemethylation kweaniline netrimethyl phosphate, yozobviswa ne ether, yoomeswa yozonyungudutswa.

7. N,N-dimethylaniline inogona kugadzirwa pamubhedha weZiegler catalyst mu copper-manganese system kana copper-zinc-chromium system pa 280℃nemusanganiswa weaniline nemethanol pachiyero che1:3.5. N,N-dimethylaniline yakawanikwa yakaunganidzwa pa193-195.℃pamudziyo wekunyungudutsa we54-tab column woiswa mumabhodhoro egirazi rebrown. Pakugadzirira N,N-dimethylaniline yakachena, N,N-dimethylaniline inogona kuiswa nenitrogen gasi segasi rinotakura mugasi rekugadzirira chromatograph iro rinopach ine simbi yephosphate.

Chikumbiro chikuru

1. Ndiyo imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira dyestuff ine munyu (triphenylmethane dyestuff, nezvimwewo) uye alkali dyestuff. 2. Inoshandiswa se solvent, simbi inochengetedza, inogadzirisa epoxy resin, inosimbisa ngura ye polyester resin, inokonzeresa polymerization ye ethylene compounds, nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswawo pakugadzira alkaline triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes uye vanillin, nezvimwewo. 3. Inoshandiswawo pakugadzira alkaline triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes uye vanillin, nezvimwewo. 3. Inoshandiswawo se catalyst mukugadzira polyurethane foam pamwe chete ne organotin compounds. Inoshandiswawo se catalyst mukugadzira polyurethane foam uye se raw material ye raber vulcanization promoter, explosives uye mishonga. N,N-Dimethylaniline inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemishonga kugadzira cephalosporin V, sulfamethoxine N-methoxypyrimidine, sulfamethoxine o-dimethoxypyrimidine, fluorosporine, nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswawo muindasitiri yezvinonhuwira kugadzira vanillin. 4. Inoshandiswa semuchina wekusimbisa epoxy resin, polyester resin uye anaerobic glue, kuitira kuti anaerobic glue iome nekukurumidza. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa se solvent, co-catalyst ye polymerization ye ethylene compounds, simbi inochengetedza, ultraviolet absorber yezvizoro, photosensitizer, nezvimwewo. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa se catalyst yekugadzira alkaline dyes, disperse dyes, acid dyes, oil-soluble dyes uye zvinonhuwira (vanillin), nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswawo se raw material pakugadzira alkaline dyes, disperse dyes, acid dyes, oil-soluble dyes and spices (vanillin), nezvimwewo. Inoshandiswa se reagent ye photometric determination ye nitrite. Inoshandiswawo se solvent, uye inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.6. Inoshandiswa se dye intermediates, solvents, stabilizers, analytical reagents. [26]