Mushure memakore anoda kusvika zana ebudiriro, indasitiri yemakemikari yeChina yave nyika inokurumidza kukura pasi rose, kutenderera kwemaindasitiri kupfuura Europe, United States neJapan uye South Korea indasitiri yemakemikari kutenderera kwakapfupikiswa zvakanyanya, izvo muEurope neUnited States nedzimwe nyika. inoda makumi emakore kuti isvike padanho, indasitiri yemakemikari yeChina makore mashoma asvika kumagumo. Musiyano ndewekuti mushure mechikamu chikuru cheindasitiri yemakemikari muEurope neUnited States, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvakanaka zvinotsigirwa nepamusoro-tekinoroji zvakawedzera zvakanyanya, uku kuChina, nekuda kwekukura kushoma kwehunyanzvi, musika. kugovera huwandu hwemakemikari akanaka akakura zvishoma nezvishoma.

Inotenda kuti mumakore anotevera 5-10, iyo yakakura-yakakura nzira yeChina indasitiri yemakemikari ichapera, uye nzira yakanaka yekuvandudza ichakurumidza. Parizvino, kune akawanda edzimba dzekutsvagisa masangano, kunyanya ayo ane hukama nemabhizinesi anotungamira, ari kuwedzera mari mukutsvaga nekuvandudza makemikari akanaka.

Pakufambiswa kwegwara remakemikari akanaka eChina, Pingtou Brother akapfupisa pfungwa dzinotevera, kutanga, kushandiswa kwekabhoni-kabhoni hydrocarbons semidziyo yakadzama yekugadzira nzira yekutsvaga, yakadzika yakanangana nepakati pemishonga, mishonga yezvipembenene uye mimwe minda. Chechipiri, nokuda kwekugadzirisa kwakadzika uye kushandiswa kwepolycarbon hydrocarbons, iyo yakadzika mune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira yakanaka makemikari zvinhu, anobatsira uye mamwe minda; Chechitatu, yekuparadzanisa uye kucheneswa kwe-high-carbon hydrocarbon raw materials uye yakadzika kugadzirisa uye kushandiswa, kudzika pasi muminda ye surfactants uye plasticizers.

Kubva pamaonero emutengo, kuwedzera kweindasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka yepasi-kabhoni raw materials ndiyo yakaderera nzira yekugadzira netsvagiridzo parizvino. Parizvino, akati wandei emasaenzi ekutsvagisa masangano muChina ari kushingaira kuwedzera tsvakiridzo yeyakaderera kabhoni hydrocarbon mumakemikari akanaka. Zvigadzirwa zvemumiririri ndeyekuwedzeredzwa kwemakemikari eiyo isobutylene indasitiri cheni uye yakanakisa kemikari yekuwedzera yeaniline indasitiri chain.

Maererano nekuongorora kwekutanga, ketani yeindasitiri yeanopfuura makumi mashanu emakemikari akanaka ari pasi pepamusoro-kuchena isobutylene yakawedzerwa, uye indasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvepasi zvine mwero wakakwira wekunatsiridza. Kune anopfuura makumi matanhatu marudzi emakemikari akanaka kuzasi kweaniline indasitiri cheni yekuwedzera, uye akawanda ezasi manyorerwo ekushandisa.

Parizvino, aniline inonyanya kugadzirwa necatalytic hydrogenation ye nitrobenzene, inova hydrogenation kugadzirwa kwenitric acid, hydrogen uye pure benzene sezviwanikwa. Inoshandiswa pasi pemvura muMDI, rubber anobatsira, dhayi uye mishonga yepakati, peturu zvinowedzera uye mimwe minda. Yakachena benzene mukukwenenzvera uye mabhizinesi ekugadzira makemikari haagone kusanganiswa nezvigadzirwa zveoiri, izvo zvinosimudzira kuwedzera uye kushandiswa kweiyo yakadzika maindasitiri cheni ye pure benzene, uye yave iyo inotarisa kumakemikari ekutsvagisa nekusimudzira indasitiri.

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana maindasitiri anoshandiswa mune yakadzika zvigadzirwa zveaniline, inogona kukamurwa kuita anotevera maindasitiri: Chekutanga, mashandisirwo mumunda werabha accelerators uye antioxidants inogona kukamurwa kuita zvishanu zvigadzirwa, izvo p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine uye dicyclohexylamine. Zvizhinji zveizvi aniline zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mumunda werabha antioxidants, senge p-amino-diphenylamine inogona kuburitsa antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D zvichingodaro.

Mumunda werabha accelerator uye antioxidant kushandiswa, aniline kudzika pasi mumunda werabha inzira yakakosha yekushandisa, inoverengera inosvika 11% yehuwandu hwekudzika kwemvura kudyiwa kweaniline, izvo zvinomiririra zvigadzirwa ndeye p-amino-diphenylamine uye hydroquinone.

Pakati pe diazo compounds, kushandisa aniline uye nitrate nezvimwe zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene uye zvichingodaro. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yedhayi, mishonga yemishonga uye yepakati pesticide. Zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra ndezvi: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, inova dhayi yeazo dhayi, hose dhayi, dhayi yekuparadzira, uye inoshandiswawo mukugadzira pendi uye pigment uye sechiratidzo. P-hydroxyaniline inoshandiswa mukugadzira sarufa yebhuruu FBG, isina simba acid inopenya yero 5G uye mamwe madhayi, kugadzirwa kweparacetamol, antamine nemimwe mishonga, asi zvakare inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwevagadziri, antioxidants uye zvichingodaro.

Sekuferefeta, pari zvino, aniline makomisheni anoshandiswa muindasitiri yedhayi yeChina anonyanya kuve p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride uye p-hydroxyaniline, inoverengera 1% yekudzika kwemvura kudyiwa kweaniline, inova yakakosha nzira yekushandisa nitrogen makomboni. iyo yakadzika yeaniline, uye zvakare igwaro rakakosha rekutsvagisa tekinoroji yeindasitiri.

Chimwe chakakosha kudzika kwemvura kushandiswa kweaniline ndiyo halogenation yeaniline, yakadai sekugadzirwa kwep-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hweaniline halogenation zvigadzirwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune angangoita makumi maviri emhando, ayo ave zvakare dhairekitori rakakosha rekuwedzera kuzasi kwekemikari yakanaka indasitiri yeaniline.

Zvigadzirwa zvepasi pasi zvinoshandisa aniline halogenation, senge o-chloraniline, zvinoshandiswa kugadzira sulfur yebhuruu FBG, isina kusimba asidhi inopenya yero 5G dhayi, kugadzirwa kweparacetamol, antamine nemimwe mishonga, asiwo kugadzirwa kwevagadziri, antioxidants uye. zvichingodaro. Diphenyl thiourea inoshandiswa mukugadzira vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization capsules, matai emvura, waya uye tambo, pamwe nemishonga uye dhayi zvepakati. N-acetoacetanilide inoshandiswa mukugadzira sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice uye preservatives, uye rubber vulcanization accelerator.

Maererano nekuongorora kusina kukwana, nhamba yeaniline halogenated downstream aniline yakanaka makemikari emishonga inotora inenge 40% yenhamba yemvura yakadzika aniline makemikari, asi zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa muminda yepamusoro, uye chiyero chose hachisi chikuru. Nekusimudzira kwakasimba kwemunda wemishonga, tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi yeaniline halogenation yave zvakare yakakosha nzira yekusimudzira yeChina tekinoroji yekutsvaga nekusimudzira.

Imwe mhinduro yakakosha yeaniline ndeyekuderedza kuita, senge aniline uye hydrogen kugadzira cyclohexane, aniline uye concentrated sulfuric acid nesoda ash kugadzira dicyclohexane, aniline uye sulfuric acid uye sulfur trioxide kugadzira p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Kuita kwerudzi urwu kunoda huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvekubatsira, uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvezasi hazvina hukuru, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune zvingangoita zvishanu zvigadzirwa. 

Pakati pavo, senge p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, kugadzira azo dhayi, nezvimwewo, inoshandiswa sereferensi reagent, yekuyedza reagent uye chromatographic yekuongorora reagent, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa semushonga kudzivirira gorosi chirwere. Dicyclohexylamine, ndiko kugadzirira kwedhayi yepakati, pamwe nepesticide textile gorosi rust, uye kugadzirira kwezvinonhuwira.

Mamiriro ekudzikisira maitiro eaniline ane hukasha, uye parizvino, China inonyanya kutariswa murabhoritari uye diki-diki danho rekugadzira, uye chikamu chekushandisa idiki kwazvo, iyo isiri iyo nzira huru yekuwedzera kweiyo yakadzika kemikemikari yakanaka. indasitiri ketani yeaniline.

Iko kushandiswa kweaniline seyakagadziriswa yeakanaka makemikari indasitiri chain yekuwedzera, kune arylation reaction, alkylation reaction, oxidation uye nitrification reaction, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction uye yakaoma musanganiswa maitiro. Aniline inogona kutora chikamu mukuita kwemakemikari akawanda, uye kune akawanda ezasi maapplication. isu ticharamba tichiita imwe ongororo yayo, ndapota tarisira kwazviri.