Mushure memakore anoda kusvika zana ebudiriro, indasitiri yemakemikari yeChina yave nyika iri kukurumidza kukurumidza pasi rose, uye kutenderera kwemaindasitiri kupfupika pane kuya kweindasitiri yemakemikari muEurope, America, Japan neSouth Korea. MuEurope, America nedzimwe nyika, zvinongotora makore mashoma kusvika padanho rekukura, uye indasitiri yemakemikari yeChina yave kusvika kumagumo. Musiyano ndewekuti mushure mechikamu chikuru cheindasitiri yemakemikari muEurope neAmerica, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvakanaka zvinotsigirwa nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hunowedzera zvakanyanya, nepo muChina, nekuda kwekukura kushoma kwehunyanzvi, musika wekupa huwandu hwezvakanaka. makemikari anowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Mumakore mashanu-10 anotevera, hurongwa hwakakura hweindasitiri yemakemikari yeChina huchapera uye nzira yekusimudzira yakanaka ichakurumidza. Parizvino, masangano mazhinji ekutsvagisa epamba, kunyanya ayo ane hukama nemabhizinesi anotungamira, ari kuwedzera mari yavo mukutsvaga nekuvandudza makemikari akanaka.

Nekufambiswa kwegwara remakemikari akanaka muChina, yekutanga ndeyekudzika kutsvagisa tsvakiridzo uchishandisa yakaderera-kabhoni hydrocarbons seyakagadzirwa, uye kudzika kwakadzika kunonyanya kutariswa mumishonga yepakati, yepakati pemishonga yezvipembenene nemimwe minda. Chechipiri, nokuda kwekugadzirisa kwakadzika uye kushandiswa kwepolycarbon hydrocarbons, kudzika mumhepo yepamusoro-soro yakanaka yemakemikari zvinhu, zvinowedzera uye mamwe minda; Chechitatu, yekuparadzanisa uye kucheneswa kwepamusoro kabhoni hydrocarbon raw materials uye yakadzika kugadzirisa uye kushandiswa, pasi pemvura mu surfactant, plasticizer nemamwe minda.

Tichifunga nezve chiyero chemutengo, kuwedzera kweiyo yakanaka makemikari indasitiri yepasi-kabhoni raw materials ndiyo yakachipa nzira yekugadzira nekutsvaga. Parizvino, masangano mazhinji ekutsvagisa sainzi muChina ari kushingaira kuwedzera tsvakiridzo yeyakaderera kabhoni hydrocarbon yakanaka makemikari indasitiri. Zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra zvakanaka makemikari ekuwedzera isobutylene indasitiri chain uye yakanaka kemikari yekuwedzera yeaniline indasitiri chain.

Zvinoenderana nekuferefeta kwekutanga, cheni yeindasitiri yeanopfuura makumi mashanu emakemikari akanaka akatambanudzwa zasi kuchena kwakakwira isobutene, uye chiyero chekuvandudza cheni yezvigadzirwa zvepasi pasi chakakwira. Aniline ine marudzi anopfuura makumi matanhatu emakemikari akanaka kuzasi kweindasitiri cheni yekuwedzera, yakadzika nzira yekushandisa yakawanda.

Parizvino, aniline inonyanya kugadzirwa necatalytic hydrogenation ye nitrobenzene, inova hydrogenation kugadzirwa kwenitric acid, hydrogen uye pure benzene sezviwanikwa. Inoshandiswa pasi pemvura muminda yeMDI, rubber additives, dhayi uye mishonga yepakati, peturu zvinowedzera uye zvichingodaro. Iyo yakachena benzene mukukwenenzvera oiri uye mabhizinesi ekugadzira makemikari haagone kusanganiswa nezvigadzirwa zveoiri, izvo zvinosimudzira kuwedzera uye kushandiswa kweiyo yakadzika maindasitiri cheni ye pure benzene, iyo yave iyo yekutarisa kwemakemikari ekutsvagisa nekusimudzira indasitiri.

Zvinoenderana nemaindasitiri akasiyana anoisirwa zvigadzirwa zvep-aniline, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita maindasitiri anotevera: Kutanga, kushandiswa mumunda werabha accelerator uye antioxidant, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando shanu dzezvigadzirwa. , zvinoti p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine uye dicyclohexylamine. Zvizhinji zveizvi aniline zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mumunda werabha antioxidant, senge p-amino diphenylamine inogona kugadzira antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, nezvimwe.

Kushandiswa mumunda werabha accelerator uye antioxidant ndiyo yakakosha nzira yekushandisa yeaniline kudzika pasi mumunda werabha, inodarika 11% yehuwandu hwekudyiwa kweaniline kuzasi, izvo zvinomiririra zvigadzirwa ndeye p-aminobenzidine uye hydroquinone.

Mune diazo compounds, uchishandisa aniline uye nitrate nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa zviri p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene uye zvichingodaro. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yedhayi, mishonga yemishonga uye yepakati pesticide. Zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra ndezvi: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, inova yekugadzira azo dhayi, um izwi dhayi, dhayi yekuparadzira, inoshandiswawo mukugadzira pendi uye pigment uye sechiratidzo, nezvimwewo P-hydroxyaniline inoshandiswa mukugadzira. ye sulfide yebhuruu FBG, isina simba acid inopenya yero 5G uye mamwe madhayi, kugadzirwa kweparacetamol, antamine nemamwe madhiragi, anoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwemugadziri, antioxidant uye zvichingodaro.

Parizvino, mishonga yakawanda yeaniline inoshandiswa muindasitiri yedhayi yekuChina ip-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride uye p-hydroxyaniline, inoverengera chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana chekudyiwa kweaniline kuzasi, inova nzira yakakosha yekushandiswa kwemakomisheni enitrogen muzasi kweaniline uye. zvakare kutungamira kwakakosha kweazvino indasitiri tekinoroji yekutsvaga.

Chimwe chakakosha kudzika kwemvura kushandiswa kweaniline ndiyo halogenation yeaniline, yakadai sekugadzirwa kwep-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa zve halogenation yeaniline, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune angangoita makumi maviri emhando, ayo ave nzira yakakosha yekuwedzera kweiyo yakadzika yeakanaka makemikari indasitiri cheni yeaniline.

Kumwe kuita kwakakosha kweaniline ndiko kuita kwekudzikisa, senge aniline nehydrogen kugadzira cyclohexamine, aniline uye concentrated sulfuric acid nesoda kugadzira bicyclohexane, aniline uye sulfuric acid uye sulfur trioxide kugadzira p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Kuita kwerudzi urwu kunoda huwandu hukuru hwezvishandiso, uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvezasi hazvina kukura, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvingangoita marudzi mashanu ezvigadzirwa.

 Pakati pavo, senge p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, kugadzira azo dhayi, anoshandiswa sereferensi reagent, yekuyedza reagent uye chromatographic yekuongorora reagent, inogona zvakare kushandiswa semushonga kudzivirira ngura yegorosi. Dicyclohexamine, ndiko kugadzirira kwedhayi yepakati, pamwe nemishonga yezvipembenene textile gorosi rust, pamwe nekugadzirira kwezvinonhuwira nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Mamiriro ekudzikisa maitiro eaniline ane hukasha. Parizvino, mazhinji acho akaiswa murabhoritari uye diki-diki yekugadzira nhanho muChina, uye chikamu chekushandisa idiki kwazvo. Haisi iyo nzira huru yekuwedzera kweiyo yakadzika yekemikari indasitiri chain yeaniline.

Kuwedzerwa kweakanaka makemikari indasitiri cheni uchishandisa aniline seyakagadzirwa zvinhu inosanganisira arylation reaction, alkylation reaction, oxidation uye nitrification reaction, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction uye yakaoma musanganiswa maitiro. Aniline inogona kutora chikamu mukuita kwemakemikari akawanda, uye kune akawanda ezasi maapplication.