Dimethylformamide (pfupiso DMF), inozivikanwawo seN,N-dimethylformamide, inotsiva dimethyl yeformamide, uye mapoka ese emethyl anowanikwa paN (nitrogen) maatomu, saka izita. Seyakakosha kemikari mbishi zvinhu uye zvinonyungudutsa zvine mashandiro akanaka, DMF inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu polyurethane, acrylic fiber, chikafu chinowedzera, mushonga, mishonga yezvipembenene, dhayi, zvemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri.

DMF imvura isina ruvara uye yakajeka ine nzvimbo yakakwira yekuvira, nzvimbo yakaderera yechando, yakanaka kemikari uye kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye inosanganiswa nemvura uye yakawanda organic solvents. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa kunyungudutsa kwemakemikari reactions uye inonzi "universal solvent": DMF inoshandiswa Iyo acrylic fiber inogadzirwa neyakaomeswa spinning process ye solvent-based acrylic fiber ine maitiro eiyo yakanaka hydrophobicity, yakasimba yekuvhara simba, yakapfava magadzirirwo, uye kunzwa kwakasimba kweruoko; mukugadzirwa kwedehwe rakanyorova repolyester synthetic, DMF inogona kushandiswa seyakagezesa uye kurapa mumiririri wepolyurethane resin. Inoshandiswa kupfekedza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera, uye kana zvichishandiswa kudhayiwa kweganda, zvinogona kuita ruvara rweyunifomu yeganda uye isingasvavi; nekuda kwekugona kwayo kunyungudika kwakasimba, DMF inoshandiswa sechinhu chinonyungudutsa mudhayi uye inoshandiswa kudhaya mafibhi ekugadzira, ayo anogona kuvandudza kufanana kweganda. Dyeing properties; sechinhu chinonyungudutsa chinosarudzwa chinoshandiswa mukuparadzanisa, DMF inogona kushandiswa pakusarudza kunyura kweakasiyana hydrocarbons uye inorganic magasi. Semuenzaniso, DMF inoshandiswa kushambidza ethylene kubvisa acetylene, nokudaro kuchenesa ethylene. DMF inogonawo kushandiswa kubvisa isoprene, piperylene, nezvimwewo kubva kune gasi rinopisa rekugadzirwa kwemiti ye ethylene yekugadzirwa kweunsaturated resin; DMF inogona zvakare kushandiswa sechinhu chinosarudzika chekubvisa maitiro mumunda we petroleum processing. Semuenzaniso: mu polycarboxylic acid masisitimu ane maitiro akafanana uye akaoma kupatsanura, senge isophthalic acid uye terephthalic acid, anogona kupatsanurwa nyore nyore neDMF solvent extraction kana stepwise recrystallization.

Mune organic reactions, dimethylformamide haingoshandiswe zvakanyanya seyakagadziriswa solvent, asiwo yakakosha yepakati mune organic synthesis. Muindasitiri yemishonga, semushonga wekugadzira wepakati, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwedoxycycline, cortisone, uye sulfa mishonga; muindasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene, inoshandiswa kugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yepamusoro-soro uye ine muchetura wakaderera.

Sekuita svikiro remakemikari synthesis, DMF inogona kushandiswa secrystallization solvent yekucheneswa kwemishonga. Muindasitiri yemagetsi, inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa viscosity yeanorapa agent yemhangura yakapfeka laminates. DMF inogona zvakare kushandiswa semutakuri wekunyungudutsa kugadzira polymeric crystal ine BF3 (boron trifluoride), ichiita kuti BF3 ichinje kubva kugasi kuenda kune yakasimba uye nyore kutakura. Seye polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent ine yakakwira yekuvira, inogona kusimudzira iyo bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN₂) maitiro. Uye zvakare, dimethylformamide ine catalytic mhedzisiro muhydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydration uye dehydrohalogenation reactions, iyo inoderedza kuita tembiricha uye inovandudza chigadzirwa kuchena.

Zvinoita sekuti DMF yakakodzera zita rekuti "universal solvent". Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa zvichange zvakaoma kudarika munguva pfupi. Kambani yedu iri padanho repamusoro muindasitiri maererano nesimba rekambani, kugona kweDMF kugadzira, mhando yechigadzirwa, uye mukurumbira wemhando. Isu tinodzidzira mutengi sarudzo yekutanga uye tinokushandirai nemoyo wese.

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