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Mhoroi, uyu ndiye CEO Athena kubva kuMit-Ivy Industry yeChemical muChina.

Nhanganyaya
Zvinhu zvinosanganisa ruvara (color intermediates) ibazi rakakosha zvikuru muindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka, uye kukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yekupenda ruvara kunoenderana nekukura kwezvinhu zvinobatana nazvo.

Kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvekudhaya nekugadzira pigment muChina kwave kuchikura zvakanyanya kubvira kuma1950, nemakwikwi ari kuramba achikwira mumusika, zvishandiso zvekudhaya nekugadzira pigment zvave zvitsva mukugadzira tekinoroji; budiriro mukugadzira mhando itsva, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, kutsvagisa nzira itsva, mashandisirwo matsva emhando dzekare, kuchengetedza nharaunda, nezvimwewo, kushandisa tekinoroji yakachena pakugadzira zvishandiso zvekudhaya nekugadzira pigment.

Chekutanga, kukura kwekushandiswa kwezvinoshandiswa pakati
Mufananidzo

Kutaura zvazviri, kuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwezvinoshandiswa pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kune mativi akawanda, chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa mukugadzira dye chinonzi dye intermediates, uye chinoshandiswa mumishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yemishonga uye chinonzi zvipembenene, mishonga yezvipembenene. Zvishandiswa pakati pezvinhu zvinofanira kutariswa sebazi reindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka chose, hazvifanirwe kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya kuita dyestuff intermediates, mishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yemishonga neindasitiri, izvo zvichaderedza kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu uye kukanganisa kukura kwazvo.

Ongororo yemakemikari akanaka inoratidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, pamusoro pemhando shoma dzehukuru hwekugadzira hwakakura zvikuru, mhando zhinji dze tonnage hadzisi dzakakura zvakanyanya, asi maitiro ekugadzirira anowanzo kuve akaoma, anosanganisira maitiro akawanda eyuniti uye maitiro ekuparadzanisa, kugadzirwa kwakagadzirawo huwandu hwakawanda hwe "marara matatu" anofanirwa kubatwa nemazvo. Saka, tinofanira kuita tsvakurudzo yemaitiro ezvigadzirwa zvakatevedzana uye kuronga kugadzirwa kwepakati zvine musoro kuitira kuti tiwane mabhenefiti akanaka ehukuru.

Kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu enyika dzekunze, tsvakiridzo nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yepakati zvinowanzo nyatso gadzirwa kuti zvibudirire, seti yemidziyo yekugadzira inogona kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana kusvika gumi nembiri dzemidziyo yepakati, tsvakiridzo yakadaro nekugadzirwa kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwese, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva kuri nyore kushandisa, kuchaita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakapetwa kaviri nehafu yekuedza. Mamiriro eJapan anogona kunge ari ekutarisa kwedu, kugadzirwa kwekutanga kwemidziyo yepakati muJapan kwakapararirawo zvakanyanya, kubva kuma1960 kwave nekanomwe kugadzirisa, kutarisa.

Kuburikidza nekushandura nekusimudzira, indasitiri yeChina yekugadzira dhayi nepigment yasvika padanho repamusoro maererano nehukuru hwekugadzira, tekinoroji nedanho remidziyo, izvo zvisingangogone kugutsa zvinodiwa nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira dhayi nepigment yemuno chete, asiwo kupa michina yemhando yepamusoro kune dzimwe nyika.

Zvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu zvepakati zvinotorwa zvakanyanya kubva muzvigadzirwa zvemafuta nemakemikari ekubika, mazhinji acho ari benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone compounds, uye mamwe macompounds eheterocyclic, uye organic pigments yakagadzirwa neheterocyclic compounds intermediates iri kuwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Pamusoro pezvo, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of compounds, izvi zvinhu zvakaoma zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira madhayi, saka kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuchave kwakakura uye kwakajairika.

Chechipiri, maitiro emakemikari anonyanya kushandiswa epakati
Mufananidzo

Zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvichagadziriswa kuita dhayi (ruvara) indasitiri. Zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira makemikari ndezvekuti:

(1) kuita kwesulfonation
(2) Kuita kwe nitration
(3) maitiro e halogenation
(4) Kuderedza maitiro ekugadzira amino
(5) Diazotization reaction (inowanzo perekedzwa ne coupling reaction)
(6) alkali fusion reaction inotsiva boka re sulfonic acid kuita hydroxyl
(7) Kuita kweAcylation
(8) Kuita kweOxidation
(9) kuumbwa kwemvura inodziya uye kuita kuti carbonation iite
(10) Kunhuhwirira (kunyanya amino)
(11) kutsivana kwemapoka ehydroxyl nemaamino
(12) hydroxyl kana amino hydrocarbonation reaction

Zvichienderana nechimiro chemhete huru inonhuhwirira yemakemikari akanaka, mhete idzi dzinogona kukamurwa kuita aliphatic system, benzene system, naphthalene system, anthraquinone system, heterocyclic system uye thick ring system. Nyika yedu inogona kugadzira benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic system, senge dyeing, pigment intermediates dzinopfuura 400, zvichireva kuti zvinosangana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri yekupenda, kuvandudza indasitiri yepigment.

Mhando huru dze benzene system ndedzinoti.

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-, p-aminoanisole, DSD, nezvimwewo. N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxy aniline, 2-4-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- uye para-esters, nezvimwewo.

Mhando huru dze naphthalene intermediates ndedzinoti.

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ-acid, G-munyu, R-munyu, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, nezvimwewo. Mhando huru dzeanthraquinone intermediates ndeidzi: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, nezvimwewo.

Mhando huru dze heterocyclic system ne thick ring system ndidzo.

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, nezvimwewo.