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mhoro, uyu ndiye CEO athena anobva ku mit-ivy industry yemakemikari mu china.

Nhanganyaya
Kudhaya (ruvara) yepakati ibazi rakakosha zvakanyanya reiyo yakanaka indasitiri yemakemikari, uye kukurumidza kukura kweiyo dhayi (ruvara) indasitiri zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kweiyo yepakati inoenda nayo.

Kugadzirwa kwedhayi uye pigment intermediates muChina kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kubva ku1950s, nemakwikwi ari kuwedzera anotyisa mumusika, dhayi uye pigment intermediates zvave zvitsva mukugadzira tekinoroji; kubudirira mukugadzirwa kwemhando nyowani, yakavandudzwa nzira yekugadzira, kutsvagisa nzira nyowani, kushandiswa kutsva kwemhando dzekare, kuchengetedza nharaunda, nezvimwewo, kushandisa yakachena tekinoroji yekugadzira dhayi uye pigment yepakati.

Kutanga, kuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwepakati
Mufananidzo

Muchokwadi, kuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwepakati kune akawanda, imwe yepakati inoshandiswa mudhayi inonzi dye intermediates, uye inoshandiswa mumishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga uye inonzi mishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yepakati. Vepakati vanofanirwa kutariswa sebazi reiyo yakanaka makemikari indasitiri yakazara, haifanirwe kugovaniswa yakakamurwa kuita dyestuff intermediates, pesticide intermediates, mishonga yepakati neindasitiri, izvo zvinoderedza chiyero chekushandiswa kwevamwe vepakati uye kukanganisa kukura kwayo.

Yakanaka kemikari yepakati tsvakurudzo inoratidzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kuwedzera kune mashoma mashoma emhando yekugadzira yakakura zvakanyanya, mazhinji emhando dze tonnage haana kukura zvakanyanya, asi maitiro ekugadzirira anowanzo kuoma, anosanganisira akawanda mayuniti maitiro uye kupatsanurwa maitiro. , kugadzirwa kwakaunzawo nhamba yakati kuti ye "tsvina nhatu" dzinoda kubatwa nemazvo. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuita tsvakiridzo yezvigadzirwa zvakatevedzana uye kuronga kugadzirwa kwezvepakati zvine musoro kuti tiwane mabhenefiti akanaka.

Kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu enyika dzekunze, kutsvagisa uye kugadzirwa kwevapakati kunowanzo kuve kwakanyatso kutariswa kuti uwane akateedzana kugadzirwa, seti yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira inogona kuburitsa akati wandei kusvika gumi nemaviri emhando dzepakati, kutsvagisa kwakadaro uye kugadzira kuburikidza nekukura kwese. tekinoroji nyowani iri nyore kuita, ichawana zvakapetwa kaviri mhedzisiro nehafu yekuedza. Mamiriro ezvinhu eJapan anogona kunge ari ekutaura kwedu, kugadzirwa kwepakutanga kwevapakati muJapan zvakare kwakapararira kwazvo, kubva kuma1960 kwave kanomwe kugadzirisa, kutarisa.

Kuburikidza neshanduko nekusimudzira, indasitiri yekudhayira uye pigment yepakati indasitiri yasvika padanho repamusoro maererano nechiyero chekugadzira, tekinoroji uye nhanho yemidziyo, iyo isingagone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekusimudzira indasitiri yedhayi uye pigment, asiwo inopa humwe hutano hwepakati. kune dzimwe nyika.

Iyo mbishi inodiwa pakugadzira yepakati inonyanya kuwanikwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum uye coking kemikari indasitiri, mazhinji acho ari benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone makomisheni, uye mamwe eheterocyclic makomisheni, uye organic pigments yakagadzirwa neheterocyclic compounds yepakati. kuwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Mukuwedzera, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of compounds, izvi zvakaoma zvakasvibiswa zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwedhayi, zvino kushandiswa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvichave zvakanyanya uye pasi rose.

Chechipiri, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kemikari maitiro epakati
Mufananidzo

Iyo mbishi ichagadziriswa kuita dhayi (ruvara) indasitiri yepakati ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kemikari maitiro anotevera.

(1) sulfon reaction
(2) Nitration reaction
(3) halogenation reaction
(4) Kuderedza kuita kwekugadzirira amino
(5) Diazotization reaction (kazhinji inoperekedzwa nekubatanidza kuita)
(6) alkali fusion reaction kutsiva sulfonic acid boka kune hydroxyl
(7) Acylation reaction
(8) Oxidation reaction
(9) condensation uye carbonation reaction
(10) Aromatization reaction (kunyanya amino)
(11) mutual replacement reaction yehydroxyl uye amino mapoka
(12) hydroxyl kana amino hydrocarbonation reaction

Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemhete huru inonhuhwirira yeakanaka kemikari yepakati, iyo yepakati inogona kukamurwa kuita aliphatic system, benzene system, naphthalene system, anthraquinone system, heterocyclic system uye gobvu mhete system. Nyika yedu inogona kugadzira benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic system, senge dhayi, pigment intermediates anopfuura mazana mana marudzi, kunyanya kusangana nedhayi, pigment indasitiri yekusimudzira zvinodiwa.

Iwo makuru emhando dzebenzene system ndiwo.

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N- ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-, p-aminoanisole, DSD, etc. N-methyl-m- toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxy aniline, 2-4-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4 -methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- uye para-esters, nezvimwewo.

Iwo makuru emhando dze naphthalene intermediates ndeaya.

2-naphthol, H-asidhi, K-asidhi, 2,3-asidhi, 2,6-asidhi, tartaric asidhi, 6-nitro-1,2,4-asidhi oxygenate, J-asidhi, peri-asidhi, γ- asidhi, G-munyu, R-munyu, amino K-asidhi, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R- Asidhi, nezvimwe. Mhando huru dze anthraquinone dzepakati ndeidzi: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, nezvimwewo.

Iwo makuru emhando dzeheterocyclic system uye gobvu mhete system ndeye.

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N- ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, nezvimwewo.