Madhayi ereactive anonyungudika zvakanaka mumvura. Madhayi ereactive anonyanya kushandisa boka resulfonic acid riri pamorekuru yedhayi kuti anyungudike mumvura. Kune madhayi ereactive emeso-temperature ane vinylsulfone groups, kuwedzera kune boka resulfonic acid, β -Ethylsulfonyl sulfate iboka rakanakawo rekunyungudika.

Mumvura inonyunguduka, maion e sodium ari muboka re sulfonic acid neboka re -ethylsulfone sulfate anogadziriswa nemvura kuti dhayi iite anion uye inyungudike mumvura. Kudhayiwa kwedhayi inochinja kunoenderana neanion yedhayi inofanira kudhayiwa nefiber.

Kunyungudika kwemadhayi anochinja-chinja kunodarika 100 g/L, madhayi mazhinji ane kunyungudika kwe200-400 g/L, uye mamwe madhayi anogona kusvika 450 g/L. Zvisinei, panguva yekudhaya, kunyungudika kwedhayi kunodzikira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana (kana kutosanyungudika zvachose). Kana kunyungudika kwedhayi kwadzikira, chikamu chedhayi chinoshanduka kubva paanion imwe chete kuenda kuzvidimbu, nekuda kwekudzora kukuru kwechaji pakati pezvidimbu. Kudzikira, zvidimbu nezvimedu zvinokwezvana kuti zvigadzire agglomeration. Rudzi urwu rwe agglomeration runotanga rwaunganidza zvidimbu zvedhayi kuita agglomerates, rwozoshanduka kuita agglomerates, uye pakupedzisira rwunoshanduka kuita flocs. Kunyangwe flocs iri rudzi rwekuungana kwakasununguka, nekuda kwechikamu chavo chemagetsi chakakomberedza chakaumbwa nechaja dzakanaka nedzisina kunaka zvinowanzoomera kuora nesimba rekuchekwa kana doro redhayi richitenderera, uye flocs dziri nyore kudonha pajira, zvichikonzera kudhaya pamusoro kana kusvibisa.

Kana dhayi yave nekubatana kwakadaro, kukurumidza kwemavara kuchaderera zvakanyanya, uye panguva imwe chete kunokonzera mwero wakasiyana wemavara, mavara, uye mavara. Kune mamwe madhayi, kutenderera kunowedzera kukurumidza kuungana pasi pesimba rekuchekwa kwemushonga wedhayi, zvichikonzera kupera simba uye munyu. Kana munyu wabuda, ruvara rwakapendwa ruchava rwakajeka zvakanyanya, kana kuti rusina kupendwa, kunyangwe kana rwakapendwa, ruchava mavara akakomba uye mavara.

Zvinokonzera kuunganidzwa kwedhayi

Chikonzero chikuru ielectrolyte. Mukuita kwedhayi, electrolyte huru idhayi inokurumidzisa (sodium salt nemunyu). Dhayi inokurumidzisa ine sodium ions, uye yakaenzana nesodium ions mumorekuru yedhayi yakaderera zvikuru pane yedhayi inokurumidzisa. Huwandu hwakaenzana hwesodium ions, kuwanda kwakajairika kwedhayi inokurumidzisa mukuita kwedhayi kwakajairika hakuzove nepesvedzero huru pakunyungudika kwedhayi mubhavhu redhayi.

Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwedhayi inokurumidzisa kuwedzera, huwandu hwesodium ions mumushonga hunowedzera zvinoenderana. Ma sodium ions akawandisa achadzivisa ionization yesodium ions paboka rinonyunguduka re dye molecule, nokudaro zvichideredza kunyunguduka kwedhayi. Mushure meanopfuura 200 g/L, madhayi mazhinji achava nemadhigirii akasiyana ekuungana. Kana huwandu hwedhayi inokurumidzisa huchidarika 250 g/L, huwandu hwekuungana huchawedzera, kutanga kugadzira ma agglomerates, uye ipapo mumushonga wedhayi. Ma agglomerates nema floccules anogadzirwa nekukurumidza, uye mamwe madhayi ane kunyunguduka kwakaderera anobviswa munyu zvishoma kana kutopera mvura. Madhayi ane mamorekuru akasiyana ane hunhu hwakasiyana hwekudzivirira kuungana uye munyu. Kunyunguduka kwakaderera, hunhu hwekudzivirira kuungana uye munyu hunotsungirira. Kushanda kwekuongorora kwakaipa.

Kunyungudika kwedhayi kunonyanya kutsanangurwa nehuwandu hwemapoka esulfonic acid mumorekuru yedhayi uye huwandu hweβ-ethylsulfone sulfates. Panguva imwe chete, kana molekyuri yedhayi ichinyungudika zvakanyanya, kunyungudika kwakanyanya uye kunyungudika kwakaderera. Kunyungudika kwakaderera. (Semuenzaniso, madhayi echimiro cheazo anonyungudika zvakanyanya kupfuura madhayi echimiro cheheterocyclic.) Pamusoro pezvo, kana chimiro chemorekuru chedhayi chakakura, kunyungudika kwakaderera, uye chimiro chemorekuru chidiki, kunyungudika kwakakwira.

Kunyunguduka kwedhayi dzinoshanda
Inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina:

Kirasi A, madhayi ane diethylsulfone sulfate (kureva vinyl sulfone) uye mapoka matatu anobata (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) ane kunyungudika kwakanyanya, senge Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Golden: RNL Uye mablack ese anobata akagadzirwa nekusanganisa Yuanqing B, madhayi matatu anobata mapoka akadai seED type, Ciba s type, nezvimwewo. Kunyungudika kwemadhayi aya kunonyanya kutenderera 400 g/L.

Kirasi B, madhayi ane mapoka eheterobireactive (monochloros-triazine+vinylsulfone), akadai seyero 3RS, tsvuku 3BS, tsvuku 6B, tsvuku GWF, RR mavara matatu ekutanga, RGB mavara matatu ekutanga, nezvimwewo. Kunyungudika kwavo kwakavakirwa pa200 ~ 300 grams. Kunyungudika kwemeta-ester kwakakwira kupfuura kwepara-ester.

Rudzi C: Ruvara rwebhuruu rweNavy iro ririwo boka reheterobireactive: BF, Ruvara rwebhuruu rweNavy 3GF, Ruvara rwebhuruu rwerima 2GFN, Ruvara rwebhuruu rutsvuku, Ruvara rwebhuruu rutsvuku, Ruvara rwebhuruu rutsvuku, Ruvara rwebhuruu rutsvuku, Ruvara rwebhuruu rutsvuku, nezvimwewo, nekuda kwemapoka mashoma esulfonic acid kana huremu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru, kunyungudika kwaro kwakadererawo, 100-200 g/ Rise chete. Kirasi D: Madhayi ane monovinylsulfone group uye chimiro cheheterocyclic, ane kunyungudika kwakaderera, senge Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, Brilliant Orange F2R, Brilliant Red F2G, nezvimwewo. Kunyungudika kwerudzi urwu rwedhayi kunongosvika 100 g/L. Rudzi urwu rwedhayi runonyanya kunzwa ma electrolytes. Kana rudzi urwu rwedhayi rwaungana, harutombodi kupfuura nepakati pemaitiro e flocculation, zvakananga munyu.

Mukuita kwedhayi kwakajairika, huwandu hwakanyanya hwedhayi inomhanyisa i80 g/L. Mavara matema chete ndiwo anoda huwandu hwakawanda hwedhayi inomhanyisa. Kana huwandu hwedhayi mubhavhu rekudhayira huri pasi pe10 g/L, madhayi mazhinji anoshanduka anoramba achinyungudika zvakanaka pakuwanda uku uye haaunganidzwe. Asi dambudziko riri mubhavhu. Zvichienderana nekuita kwedhayi kwakajairika, dhayi inotanga yawedzerwa, uye mushure mekunge dhayi yanyatsonyungudutswa mubhavhu rekudhayi kusvika yafanana, inosimudzira dhayi inowedzerwa. Iyo inosimudzira dhayi inopedzisa maitiro ekunyungudika mubhavhu.

Shandisa zvinoenderana nemaitiro anotevera

Kufungidzira: huwandu hwekudhaya i5%, chiyero chedoro i1:10, huremu hwejira i350Kg (kuyerera kwemvura yepombi mbiri), huwandu hwemvura i3.5T, sodium sulfate i60 g/litre, huwandu hwese hwesodium sulfate i200Kg (50Kg/pakeji yakazara mapakeji mana)) (Kugona kwetangi rezvinhu kazhinji kunosvika marita mazana mana nemakumi mashanu). Mukuita kwekunyungudutsa sodium sulfate, mvura ye reflux yedhayi inowanzoshandiswa. Mvura ye reflux ine dhayi yakawedzerwa kare. Kazhinji, mvura ye reflux ye300L inotanga yaiswa mudhishi rezvinhu, uye mapaketi maviri e sodium sulfate (100 kg) anodururwa.

Dambudziko riripo ndeiri, madhayi mazhinji anoungana kusvika padanho rakasiyana pakuwanda kwe sodium sulfate uku. Pakati pawo, rudzi rwe C ruchava nekubatana kwakakomba, uye dhayi re D harizongounganidzwi chete, asi richatobuda munyu. Kunyangwe mushandi mukuru achizotevera maitiro ekuzadza zvishoma nezvishoma sodium sulfate solution mumudziyo wezvinhu mumudziyo wedhayi kuburikidza nepombi huru yekutenderera. Asi dhayi iri mu 300 litres ye sodium sulfate solution yakaumba flocs uye yakatobuda mumunyu.

Kana mhinduro yese iri mudhishi rezvinhu yazadzwa mudhishi redhayi, zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya kuti pane jira rezvimedu zvedhayi zvine mafuta pamadziro edhishi nepasi pedhishi. Kana zvimedu zvedhayi izvi zvikakweshwa zvoiswa mumvura yakachena, zvinowanzova zvakaoma. Nyungudutsa zvakare. Kutaura zvazviri, marita mazana matatu emvura inobuda mudhishi redhayi ese akadai.

Yeuka kuti kune mapaketi maviri eYuanming Powder ayo achanyungudutswawo ozadzwazve mudhishi redhayi nenzira iyi. Mushure mekunge izvi zvaitika, mavara, mavara, uye mavara zvinotoitika, uye kukurumidza kwemavara kunodzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudhayiwa pamusoro, kunyangwe pasina kudonha kana kunyungudika kuri pachena. Kune Kirasi A neKirasi B dzine kunyungudika kwakanyanya, kuunganidzwa kwemavara kuchaitikawo. Kunyangwe madhayi aya asati agadzira kudonha, chikamu chemadhayi chatogadzira ma agglomerates.

Ma aggregates aya akaoma kupinda mu faibha. Nekuti nzvimbo isina chimiro ye donje faibha inongobvumira kupinda nekupararira kwe mono-ion dyes. Hapana ma aggregates anogona kupinda munzvimbo isina chimiro ye faibha. Inogona kungonyungudutswa pamusoro pe faibha chete. Kukurumidza kwemavara kuchaderedzwawo zvakanyanya, uye mavara nemavara zvichaitikawo muzviitiko zvakakomba.

Dhigirii remhinduro yemadhayi anochinja-chinja ane chekuita nealkaline agents

Kana chinhu chinonzi alkali chawedzerwa, β-ethylsulfone sulfate yedhayi inochinja-chinja inozobuda muropa kuti igadzire vinyl sulfone yayo chaiyo, iyo inonyungudika zvikuru mumajini. Sezvo chiito chekudzima chichida zvinhu zvishoma zvealkali, (kazhinji kacho chinenge chiri pasi pe1/10 yemuyero wekuita), kana chiyero chealkali chakawedzerwa, ndipo panobvawo madhayi anobvisa reaction yacho. Kana chiito chekudzima chaitika, kunyungudika kwedhayi kuchadererawo.

Mushonga wealkali mumwe chete uyu une electrolyte yakasimba uye une sodium ions. Saka, kuwanda kwealkali agent kuchaitawo kuti dhayi yakagadzira vinyl sulfone iungane kana kutobuda munyu. Dambudziko rimwe chetero rinoitika mutangi rezvinhu. Kana mushonga wealkali wanyungudika (tora soda ash semuenzaniso), kana mushonga we reflux ukashandiswa. Panguva ino, mvura ye reflux yatove ne dye accelerator agent uye dye muhuwandu hwakajairika hwemaitiro. Kunyangwe chikamu chedhayi chingave chapera nefiber, zvinopfuura 40% yedhayi yasara iri mu dye liquor. Ngatitii pakiti ye soda ash yakadururwa panguva yekushanda, uye kuwanda kwe soda ash mutangi kwakapfuura 80 g/L. Kunyangwe kana dye accelerator mu reflux liquid iri 80 g/L panguva ino, dhayi iri mutangi ichabatanawo. Madhayi eC neD anogona kutobuda munyu, kunyanya kune maD dyes, kunyangwe kuwanda kwe soda ash kwakaderera kusvika 20 g/l, kunyungudika kwemuno kuchaitika. Pakati pavo, Brilliant Blue KN.R, Turquoise Blue G, uye Supervisor BRF ndidzo dzinonyanya kubatwa nemusoro.

Kusanganiswa kwedhayi kana kutoisa munyu hazvirevi kuti dhayi yanyatsoiswa mvura. Kana iri agglomeration kana salt out inokonzerwa ne dye accelerator, inogona kupendwa chero bedzi ichigona kunyungudutswa zvakare. Asi kuti inyungudutswe zvakare, zvakakosha kuwedzera huwandu hwakakwana hwe dye assistant (senge urea 20 g/l kana kupfuura), uye tembiricha inofanira kukwidzwa kusvika 90°C kana kupfuura nekukurunga kwakakwana. Zviri pachena kuti zvakaoma zvikuru mukushanda chaiko.
Kuti madhayi asaungane kana kudira munyu mumudziyo, nzira yekudhaya inofanira kushandiswa pakugadzira mavara akadzika uye akasimba emadhayi eC neD asina kunyungudika kwakawanda, pamwe chete nemadhayi eA neB.

Kushanda uye kuongorora maitiro

1. Shandisa dhayi rekuisa dhayi kuti udzorere dhayi rekuisa dhayi woripisa mudhishi kuti rinyungudike (60 ~ 80℃). Sezvo pasina dhayi mumvura yakachena, dhayi rekuisa dhayi harina hukama nejira. Dhayi rekuisa dhayi rakanyungudutswa rinogona kuzadzwa mudhishi rekuisa dhayi nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

2. Mushure mekunge mvura yemunyu yatenderedzwa kwemaminitsi mashanu, dhayi inomhanyisa inenge yakaenzana zvakakwana, uye dhayi yakanyungudutswa kare inowedzerwa. Dhayi inofanira kusanganiswa ne reflux solution, nekuti huwandu hwedhayi inomhanyisa mu reflux solution i80 gramu /L chete, dhayi haizounganidzike. Panguva imwe chete, nekuti dhayi haizokanganisike ne (yakaderera huwandu) yedhayi inomhanyisa, dambudziko rekudhaya richaitika. Panguva ino, dhayi haidi kudzorwa nenguva yekuzadza dhayi, uye inowanzoitwa mumaminitsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu.

3. Mishonga yealkali inofanira kunyoroveswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kunyanya yedhayi dzeC neD. Nekuti rudzi urwu rwedhayi runonyanya kubatwa nemishonga yealkaline kana paine mishonga inokurudzira dhayi, kunyungudika kwemishonga yealkaline kwakakwira (kunyungudika kwesoda ash pa60°C i450 g/L). Mvura yakachena inodiwa kunyungudutsa mushonga wealkali haifanirwe kunge yakanyanya, asi kumhanya kwekuwedzera mhinduro yealkali kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvemaitiro, uye kazhinji zviri nani kuiwedzera nenzira inowedzera.

4. Kune madhayi e divinyl sulfone ari muchikamu A, reaction rate yakanyanya nekuti anonyanya kunzwa alkaline agents pa60°C. Kuti udzivise kugadzika kwemavara nekukasika uye ruvara rusina kuenzana, unogona kuwedzera 1/4 yealkali agent pachine tembiricha yakaderera.

Mukuita kwekutapurirana kwedhayi, chinhu chealkali chete ndicho chinofanira kudzora mwero wekudyisa. Maitiro ekutapurirana kwedhayi haangoshandi chete munzira yekupisa, asiwo anoshanda kune nzira yekupisa inogara iripo. Nzira yekupisa inogara iripo inogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwedhayi uye kukurumidzisa kupararira nekupinda kwedhayi. Mwero wekuzvimba kwenzvimbo isina chimiro yefiber pa60°C wakakwira kaviri pane we30°C. Nokudaro, maitiro ekupisa anogara iripo akakodzera cheese, hank. Warp beams inosanganisira nzira dzekupenda dzine low liquor ratios, dzakadai sejig dyeing, iyo inoda kupinda kwakanyanya uye kupararira kana huwandu hwakawanda hwedhayi.

Ziva kuti sodium sulfate iripo pari zvino pamusika dzimwe nguva ine alkaline yakawanda, uye PH yayo inogona kusvika 9-10. Izvi zvine njodzi zvikuru. Kana ukaenzanisa sodium sulfate yakachena nemunyu wakachena, munyu une mhedzisiro yakakura pakuunganidzwa kwedhayi pane sodium sulfate. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti yakaenzana nesodium ions mumunyu wetafura yakakwira kupfuura iyo iri musodium sulfate ine huremu hwakafanana.

Kuunganidzwa kwedhayi kwakabatana zvikuru nehunhu hwemvura. Kazhinji, maion ecalcium nemagnesium ari pasi pe150ppm haazokanganisi zvakanyanya kuunganidzwa kwedhayi. Zvisinei, maion esimbi anorema mumvura, akadai semaion eferric nemaion ealuminium, kusanganisira mamwe ma microorganisms ealgae, anokurumidza kuunganidzwa kwedhayi. Semuenzaniso, kana huwandu hwemaion eferric mumvura hukadarika 20 ppm, kugona kwedhayi kurwisa kubatana kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye simba realgae rakanyanya kuipa.

Yakabatanidzwa ne dye inodzivirira kuungana uye bvunzo yekudzivirira munyu:

Kusarudza 1: Yera 0.5 g yedhayi, 25 g yesodium sulfate kana munyu, woinyungudutsa mu 100 ml yemvura yakacheneswa pa25°C kwemaminitsi angangoita mashanu. Shandisa chubhu yekudonhedza mvura kusveta mvura wodonhedza madonhwe maviri nguva dzose panzvimbo imwe chete papepa rekusefa.

Kusarudza 2: Yera 0.5 g yedhayi, 8 g yesodium sulfate kana munyu uye 8 g yesoda ash, woinyungudutsa mu 100 ml yemvura yakacheneswa pa25°C kwemaminitsi mashanu. Shandisa dropper kusveta mhinduro pabepa rekusefa nguva dzose. Madonhwe maviri.

Nzira iri pamusoro apa inogona kushandiswa kungoongorora kugona kwedhayi kurwisa kuungana uye kuisa munyu, uye inogonawo kuona kuti ndeipi nzira yekudhaya inofanira kushandiswa.