Reactive dhayi ane yakanaka kwazvo solubility mumvura. Reactive madhayi anonyanya kuvimba neboka re sulfonic acid pamorekuru wedhayi kunyungudika mumvura. Kune meso-temperature reactive dhayi ane vinylsulfone mapoka, kuwedzera kune sulfonic acid boka, iyo β -Ethylsulfonyl sulfate zvakare iboka rakanaka kwazvo rekunyungudika.

Mumushonga wemvura, maion sodium paboka re sulfonic acid neboka re -ethylsulfone sulfate rinoita hydration reaction kuita kuti dhayi iite anion nekunyungudika mumvura. Kudhayiwa kwedhayi reactive kunoenderana neanion yedhayi ichadhayiwa kune fiber.

Kunyungudika kwedhayi dzinoshanda kunopfuura 100 g/L, mazhinji edhayi ane solubility ye200-400 g/L, uye mamwe madhayi anogona kutosvika 450 g/L. Zvisinei, panguva yekugadzira dhayi, kunyungudika kwedhayi kunoderera nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana (kana kunyange kunyungudika zvachose). Kana iyo solubility yedhayi inoderera, chikamu chedhayi chinoshanduka kubva kune imwe yemahara anion kusvika kune zvidimbu, nekuda kweiyo huru yekuchaja repulsion pakati pezvikamu. Kuderera, zvimedu uye zvimedu zvinokwezva mumwe nemumwe kuti abudise agglomeration. Rudzi urwu rwekusanganiswa runotanga kuunganidza zvimedu zvedhayi kuita agglomerates, yozoshanduka kuita agglomerates, uye pakupedzisira inoshanduka kuita flocs. Kunyange zvazvo ma flocs ari rudzi rwegungano rakasununguka, nekuda kwavo Iyo yakakomberedza yemagetsi kaviri layer yakaumbwa nechaji yakanaka uye yakaipa kazhinji yakaoma kuparara neshear simba kana dhayi doro rinotenderera, uye flocs iri nyore kudonha pamucheka, zvichikonzera kudhayiwa kana kusviba.

Kana dhayi yave nekubatana kwakadaro, kukurumidza kwemavara kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye panguva imwe chete iyo inokonzeresa madhigirii akasiyana emavara, mavara, uye mavara. Kune mamwe madhayi, iyo flocculation ichawedzera kukurumidza kuungana pasi pesimba rekugera remhinduro yedhayi, zvichikonzera kupera simba uye salting kunze. Kana salting yabuda, ruvara rwakadhayiwa ruchave rwakanyanya kujeka, kana kuti rusina kudhayiwa, kunyangwe rwukadhayiwa, ruchave rwakakomba mavara uye mavara.

Zvikonzero zvekusanganiswa kwedhayi

Chikonzero chikuru ndeye electrolyte. Mukugadzira dhayi, iyo huru electrolyte ndiyo dhayi inomhanyisa (sodium munyu nemunyu). Iyo dhayi inomhanyisa ine sodium ions, uye yakaenzana neiyo sodium ion mumorekuru wedhayi yakadzikira kupfuura iyo yedhayi inomhanyisa. Iyo yakaenzana nhamba yesodium ion, iyo yakajairwa dhayi accelerator mune yakajairwa dhayi maitiro haizove nepesvedzero yakawanda pakunyungudika kwedhayi mubhati redhayi.

Nekudaro, kana huwandu hwedhayi hunowedzera, huwandu hwe sodium ions mumhinduro hunowedzera zvinoenderana. Yakawandisa sodium ions inotadzisa iyo ionization yesodium ion pane inonyungudika boka remamorekuru edhayi, nekudaro ichidzikisa kunyungudika kwedhayi. Mushure meanopfuura 200 g / L, mazhinji edhayi achava nedhigirii akasiyana ekuunganidza. Kana huwandu hwedhayi accelerator hunopfuura 250 g / L, dhigirii yekuunganidza ichawedzerwa, kutanga kugadzira agglomerates, uyezve mumhinduro yedhayi. Agglomerates uye floccules zvinogadzirwa nekukurumidza, uye mamwe madhayi ane yakaderera solubility anoiswa munyu kunze kana kutopera mvura. Madhayi ane akasiyana mamolecular zvimiro ane akasiyana anti-agglomeration uye munyu-out resistance properties. Iyo yakaderera kunyungudika, iyo anti-agglomeration uye inoshivirira munyu. Iyo yakaipisisa iyo analytical kuita.

Kunyungudika kwedhayi kunonyanya kutsanangurwa nehuwandu hwemapoka e-sulfonic acid mumorekuru wedhayi uye nhamba ye-β-ethylsulfone sulfates. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakakura hydrophilicity yemorekuru wedhayi, iyo inowedzera solubility uye yakaderera iyo hydrophilicity. Iyo yakaderera iyo solubility. (Semuyenzaniso, madhayi eazo chimiro anowedzera hydrophilic kupfuura madhayi eheterocyclic chimiro.) Uyezve, iyo yakakura iyo molecular chimiro chedhayi, yakaderera kunyungudika, uye madiki mashekeri maitiro, anowedzera kunyungudika.

Solubility ye reactive dhayi
Inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina:

Kirasi A, madhayi ane diethylsulfone sulfate (kureva vinyl sulfone) uye matatu reactive mapoka (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) ane yakanyanya solubility, senge Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Goridhe: RNL Uye ese matema anoshanda akagadzirwa ne kusanganisa Yuanqing B, matatu-reactive boka dhayi dzakadai se ED type, Ciba s type, etc. Kunyungudika kwedhayi idzi kunonyanya kutenderera 400 g / L.

Kirasi B, madhayi ane heterobireactive mapoka (monochloros-triazine+vinylsulfone), akadai seyero 3RS, tsvuku 3BS, tsvuku 6B, tsvuku GWF, RR matatu ekutanga mavara, RGB matatu ekutanga mavara, nezvimwewo. Kunyungudika kwavo kunobva pa200～300 magiramu. Kunyungudika kwemeta-ester kwakakwira kupfuura iyo yepara-ester.

Type C: Navy blue iri zvakare heterobireactive boka: BF, Navy blue 3GF, yakasviba bhuruu 2GFN, tsvuku RBN, tsvuku F2B, zvichingodaro, nekuda kweashoma sulfonic acid mapoka kana yakakura mamorekuru huremu, solubility yayo zvakare yakaderera, zana chete. -200 g / Kukwira. Kirasi D: Dhayi dzine monovinylsulfone boka uye heterocyclic chimiro, ine yakaderera solubility, akadai Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, Brilliant Orange F2R, Brilliant Red F2G, etc. The solubility yerudzi urwu rwedhayi inongosvika 100 g/L. Mhando iyi yedhayi inonyanya kunetseka kune electrolytes. Kana rudzi urwu rwedhayi rwasangana, harutombodi kuti upfuure nekuita flocculation, yakananga salting kunze.

Mumaitiro akajairika ekudhaya, huwandu hwepamusoro hwedhayi accelerator i80 g/L. Chete mavara akasviba anoda iyo yakanyanya kuwanda yedhayi accelerator. Kana huwandu hwedhayi mubhavhu rekudhaya huri pasi pe10 g/L, dhayi dzakawanda dzinoshanda dzichiri nekunyungudika kwakanaka pakusangana uku uye hadzizounganidzi. Asi dambudziko riri pamubhedha. Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa nzira yekudhaya, dhayi inowedzerwa kutanga, uye mushure mekunge dhayi yanyungudika zvakakwana mubhati yedhayi kuti ifanane, dhayi inokurumidza inowedzerwa. Iyo dhayi accelerant inopedza iyo yekunyungudutsa muvat.

Shanda maererano nenzira inotevera

Kufungidzira: dhayi chiyero i5%, chiyero chedoro i1:10, huremu hwejira 350Kg (double pombi fluid inoyerera), mwero wemvura i3.5T, sodium sulfate i60 g/litre, huwandu hwesodium sulfate i200Kg (50Kg. /pakeji yakazara 4 mapakeji)) (Kugona kwetangi rezvinhu kunowanzoita 450 malita). Mukuita kwekunyungudutsa sodium sulfate, iyo reflux fluid yedhayi vat inowanzoshandiswa. Reflux liquid ine dhayi yakambowedzerwa. Kazhinji, 300L reflux fluid inotanga kuiswa mumidziyo yemidziyo, uye ipapo mapaketi maviri e sodium sulfate (100 kg) anodirwa.

Dambudziko riri pano, madhayi mazhinji anozoungana kune akasiyana madhigirii panguva iyi yesodium sulfate. Pakati pavo, iyo C mhando ichave yakakomba agglomeration, uye iyo D dhayi haizongove yakasanganiswa, asi kunyange munyu kunze. Kunyangwe iyo general opareta ichizotevera maitiro ekudzoreredza zvishoma nezvishoma iyo sodium sulfate mhinduro mumidziyo yemidziyo muvheti yedhayi kuburikidza nepombi huru yekutenderera. Asi dhayi iri mu300 litres yesodium sulfate solution yakagadzira flocs uye yakatobuda munyu.

Kana iyo yose mhinduro mumudziyo wezvinhu yakazadzwa mumucheka wekudhaya, zvinonyatsooneka kuti kune chidimbu chemavara edhayi ane greasy pamadziro evha uye pasi pevheti. Kana zvidimbu zvedhayi izvi zvikakwerwa zvoiswa mumvura yakachena, kazhinji zvakaoma. Dissolve zvakare. Kutaura zvazviri, 300 litres yemhinduro inopinda mudhayi yedhayi yose yakafanana neizvi.

Rangarira kuti kune zvakare mapakeji maviri eYuanming Powder ayo achanyungudutswa nekuzadzwazve mudhishi yedhayi nenzira iyi. Mushure meizvi, mavara, mavara, uye mavara anozoitika, uye kutsanya kwemavara kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudhaya kwepamusoro, kunyangwe pasina kuyerera kuri pachena kana kunyungudika. YeKirasi A uye Kirasi B ine yakanyanya solubility, dhayi kuunganidzwa kuchaitika zvakare. Kunyange zvazvo dhayi idzi dzisati dzaita flocculations, chimwe chikamu chedhayi chakatoumba agglomerates.

Aya akaunganidzwa akaoma kupinda mufiber. Nekuti iyo amorphous nzvimbo yecotton fiber inongobvumira kupinda uye kupararira kwemono-ion dhayi. Hapana akaunganidzwa anogona kupinda amorphous zone ye fiber. Inogona chete kuve adsorbed pamusoro peiyo fiber. Iko kukurumidza kwemavara kuchaderedzwawo zvakanyanya, uye mavara emavara uye mavara achaitikawo mumatambudziko akakomba.

Iyo mhinduro dhigirii reactive dhayi ine hukama kune alkaline agents

Kana iyo alkali agent yawedzerwa, iyo β-ethylsulfone sulfate yedhayi reactive ichaita yekubvisa kuita kuti igadzire iyo chaiyo vinyl sulfone, inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumajeni. Sezvo kubviswa kwekuita kunoda mashoma maalkali agents, (kazhinji anongoverengera isingasviki 1/10 yedosi rekuita), iyo yakawanda alkali dosage inowedzerwa, iyo yakawanda dhayi inobvisa maitiro. Kamwe kubviswa kwekuita kunoitika, kunyungudika kwedhayi kunodererawo.

Iyo imwechete alkali mumiriri zvakare yakasimba electrolyte uye ine sodium ions. Naizvozvo, kuwandisa alkali mumiriri kukonzeresa kuchaitawo kuti dhayi yakagadzira vinyl sulfone iite agglomerate kana kunyange munyu kunze. Dambudziko rimwechete rinoitika mutangi rezvinhu. Apo iyo alkali agent inonyungudutswa (tora soda ash semuenzaniso), kana mhinduro ye reflux inoshandiswa. Panguva ino, iyo reflux fluid yatove nedhayi inomhanyisa agent uye dhayi mune yakajairika process concentration. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu chedhayi chingave chakapedzwa nefiber, inopfuura 40% yedhayi yasara iri mudhayi doro. Ngatiti pakiti yesoda ash inodururwa panguva yekushanda, uye kuwanda kwesoda ash mutangi kunodarika 80 g/L. Kunyangwe kana iyo dhayi accelerator mumvura ye reflux iri 80 g/L panguva ino, dhayi iri mutangi inodzikawo. C uye D madhayi anogona kutoita munyu kunze, kunyanya kune D dhayi, kunyangwe iyo yakasanganiswa yesoda ash inodonha kusvika 20 g/l, yemuno salting ichaitika. Pakati pavo, Brilliant Blue KNR, Turquoise Blue G, uye Supervisor BRF ndivo vanonyanya kunzwa.

Dhayi agglomeration kana kunyange salting kunze hazvireve kuti dhayi yave yakazara hydrolyzed. Kana iri agglomeration kana salting kunze yakakonzerwa nedhayi accelerator, inogona kuramba yakadhayiwa chero bedzi ichigona kunyungudika zvakare. Asi kuti iite kuti iparadze zvakare, zvakakosha kuwedzera huwandu hwakakwana hwemubatsiri wedhayi (zvakadai se urea 20 g / l kana kupfuura), uye kutonhora kunofanira kusimudzwa kusvika 90 ° C kana kupfuura nekukurudzira kwakakwana. Zviri pachena kuti zvakaoma zvikuru mukushanda kwemaitiro chaiwo.
Kuti udzivise dhayi kuti dzisasangana kana kunyunguduka muvat, nzira yekudhaya inofanira kushandiswa pakugadzira mavara akadzika uye akaomeswa edhayi dzeC uye D dzine kunyungudika kwakaderera, pamwe neA uye B dhayi.

Maitiro ekushanda uye kuongorora

1. Shandisa dhayi vat kudzorera dhayi accelerant uye kupisa muvheti kuti inyunguduke (60～80℃). Sezvo pasina dhayi mumvura yakachena, dhayi accelerator haina hukama hwejira. Iyo yakanyungudutswa dhayi accelerator inogona kuzadzwa mudhishi yekudhaya nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

2. Mushure mokunge sarudzo yebrine ichiparidzirwa kwemaminitsi mashanu, dhayi inokurumidza kuwirirana zvakakwana, uye ipapo mushonga wedhayi wakanyungudutswa mberi unowedzerwa. Mushonga wedhayi unofanirwa kunyungudutswa nemhinduro ye reflux, nekuti iyo dhayi inomhanyisa mune reflux mhinduro ingori 80 gramu / L, iyo dhayi haigone kuungana. Panguva imwecheteyo, nokuti dhayi haizokanganiswi ne (zvishoma zvishoma) dhayi accelerator, dambudziko rekudhaya richaitika. Panguva ino, mhinduro yedhayi haifaniri kudzorwa nenguva yekuzadza dhayi, uye inowanzopedzwa mumaminitsi 10-15.

3. Alkali agents anofanirwa kunge aine hydrated zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kunyanya kuC uye D dhayi. Nemhaka yokuti rudzi urwu rwedhayi rinonyanya kunetseka kune alkaline agents muhupo hwezvinhu zvinokurudzira dhayi, kunyunguduka kwemaalkaline agents kunenge kwakakwirira (kunyunguduka kwesoda ash pa60 ° C ndeye 450 g / L). Mvura yakachena inodiwa kunyungudutsa alkali agent haidi kuve yakawandisa, asi kumhanya kwekuwedzera alkali solution kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro, uye kazhinji zviri nani kuiwedzera mune imwe nzira yekuwedzera.

4. Pamadhayi e divinyl sulfone ari muchikwata A, chiyero chekuita chakanyanya kukwirira nokuti anonyanya kunzwa kune alkaline agents pa 60 ° C. Kuti udzivirire pakarepo kugadzirisa kwemavara uye ruvara rusina kuenzana, unogona kufanoisa 1/4 yealkali mumiririri pakupisa kwakadzika.

Muchiito chekudhaya, ingori alkali mumiriri inoda kudzora chiyero chekudyisa. Iyo yekuchinjisa dhayi maitiro haingoshande kune yekudziya nzira, asiwo inoshanda kune inogara tembiricha nzira. Iyo inogara tembiricha nzira inogona kuwedzera kunyungudika kwedhayi uye kukurumidza kupararira uye kupinda kwedhayi. Kuzvimba kwenzvimbo yeamorphous yefayibha pa60°C kunosvika zvakapetwa kaviri kudarika kuya pa30°C. Naizvozvo, iyo inogara tembiricha process inonyanya kukodzera cheese, hank. Matanda ewarp anosanganisira nzira dzekudhaya dzine yakaderera doro ratios, senge jig dyeing, iyo inoda kupinza kwepamusoro uye kupararira kana kuti yakanyanya kuwanda kwedhayi.

Ziva kuti sodium sulfate iripo pamusika dzimwe nguva ine alkaline, uye kukosha kwayo kwePH kunogona kusvika 9-10. Izvi zvine ngozi zvikuru. Kana iwe uchienzanisa yakachena sodium sulfate nemunyu wakachena, munyu une simba guru pakuunganidza dhayi kupfuura sodium sulfate. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yakaenzana neiyo sodium ion mumunyu wetafura yakakwira kupfuura iyo iri musodium sulfate pahuremu hwakafanana.

Iko kuunganidzwa kwedhayi kwakabatana nemhando yemvura. Kazhinji, calcium uye magnesium ions pazasi 150ppm haizove nemhedzisiro yakawanda pakuunganidzwa kwedhayi. Nekudaro, heavy metal ions mumvura, senge ferric ion uye aluminium ion, kusanganisira mamwe algae microorganisms, inomhanyisa kuunganidzwa kwedhayi. Semuenzaniso, kana kusanganiswa kweiyo ferric ions mumvura kunopfuura 20 ppm, simba rinopesana nekubatana kwedhayi rinogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye simba realgae rakanyanyisa.

Yakasungirirwa nedhayi anti-agglomeration uye salting-out resistance test:

Kutsunga 1: Kuyera 0.5 g yedhayi, 25 g ye sodium sulfate kana munyu, uye inyunguse mu 100 ml yemvura yakanatswa pa 25 ° C kwemaminitsi mashanu. Shandisa drip chubhu kuyamwa mhinduro uye kudonhedza madonhwe maviri nguva dzose panzvimbo imwechete papepa resefa.

Kutsunga 2: Kuyera 0.5 g yedhayi, 8 g yesodium sulfate kana munyu uye 8 g yesoda ash, uye inyunguduse mu 100 ml yemvura yakanatswa inenge 25 ° C kwemaminitsi mashanu. Shandisa dropper kusveta mhinduro pabepa resefa nguva dzose. 2 madonhwe.

Iyo nzira iri pamusoro inogona kushandiswa kungotonga iyo anti-agglomeration uye salting-kunze kugona kwedhayi, uye zvakanyanya inogona kutonga kuti ndeipi nzira yekudhaya inofanira kushandiswa.