Sezvakafanotaurwa nevezvenhau vekare, denda muIndia harina kudzora zvachose.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, sekureva kwenhau dzeIndia, kubva muna Kubvumbi gore rino nhamba chete yenyaya dzakasimbiswa dzenyaya itsva dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 3.1 dzeIndia dzakashuma, munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyaya dzakasimbiswa dzakavandudzwa zuva nezuva uye India mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana nemhosva itsva dzinopfuura 314000 dzenyaya itsva, kunyangwe mushure mekuwedzera kwenyaya dzekutanga pasi rose, United States, nyika huru pasi rose, kwakaitika zuva rimwe chete.

Hutano muIndia huri kuparara sezvo denda iri richiramba richikura.
India, iyo yava nyika yechipiri pakukura pasi rose ine vanhu vakasimbiswa kuti vane chirwere ichi, inotarisirwa kushandisa mutemo wakasimba wekudzivirira chirwere ichi nekuda kwedambudziko guru redenda iri.

Panyaya iyi, vanhu vari mumusika weIndia vanonetseka kuti India "ichadzokorora zvikanganiso zvakafanana" uye ichadzokorora kudzikira kukuru kwehupfumi kwakakonzerwa nekuvharirwa kwedenda muna 2020. Indasitiri yemachira icharamba ichimisa kugadzirwa nekugadzirisa, uye zvichave zvakaoma "kutorazve" cheni yeindasitiri yemachira kubva kuIndia kuenda kuChina.

Mufananidzo wacho

Harivimbiswi kuti ndiro yemupunga yesimbi!
Bhizinesi remayuan ari kutengeswa nemamiriyoni matatu riri kuendeswa kuChina

Zvinonetsa vanhu vanotenga donje muIndia hazvina musoro. India ndiyo nyika inogadzira donje guru pasi rose, ndiyo nyika inogadzira jute yakawanda uye indasitiri yemachira inokosha muhupfumi hwayo.

Semugadziri wemachira wechipiri pakukura pasi rose, India ine vanhu vakawanda uye iri munzvimbo yakanaka yekuvandudza maindasitiri akasimba, zvichienderana neruzivo rweveruzhinji.
India inoburitsa hunyanzi hunosvika 25 muzana pasi rose uye hunosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehunyanzi hwepasi rose, zvichiita kuti ive yechipiri pakukura kwekugadzira sirika pasi rose.
Machira ndiwo mamwe emakambani anowana mari yekunze yakawanda muIndia, achitora chikamu chinosvika gumi neshanu muzana chezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Seindasitiri yechinyakare, indasitiri yemachira yeIndia yave ichikura nguva nenguva mumakore achangopfuura.
Muna 2019, musika wezvipfeko nemucheka muIndia wakakura, pamadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti mune ramangwana uchasvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhora, saizi yemusika wemamiriyoni matatu emadhora.

Mufananidzo wacho

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezviverengero, muna 2019, mabasa anosvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri nerimwe akagadzirwa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga, zvichiita kuti ive yechipiri pakukura kwekupa mabasa muIndia mushure mekurima.
Indasitiri yemachira inobhadhara chikamu chinosvika zviviri muzana chezvese zvinogadzirwa muIndia uye yakakwezva mari yekunze inosvika mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora ($3bn) mumusika pakati pa2000 na2018.

Zvisinei, budiriro yeindasitiri yemachira muIndia yasvika padanho rekumira nekuda kwedenda iri.
Mushure mekupararira kwedenda iri pakutanga kwegore ra2020, India yakatora matanho ekuvhara nyika yese, uye India "yakavharwa" nekuda kwedenda iri, izvo zvakakonzera "kuvharwa" kwehupfumi kwenguva inosvika mwedzi mitatu.
Maindasitiri akawanda muIndia akakanganiswa zvikuru, uye hupfumi hweIndia huri kuramba huchitambura nedenda iri.

Zvakanganisawo zvakanyanya chikamu chemachira chinovimba nevashandi, zvichirasikirwa neodha dzakawanda.
Pamusoro pezvo, makontena makuru anopfuura 50,000 akasiyiwa akavharirwa pazviteshi zveIndia nekuda kwekumira kwemotokari.
Nekuti hapana nzira yekuenderera mberi nekugadzira, huwandu hwakawanda hwemaodha epasi rose ayo India yakanga yambogamuchira kare haana kukwanisa kuendeswa nenguva, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru.

Mufananidzo wacho

Kubva pakushanda kwemusika, makambani madiki nepakati ekugadzira machira anomiswa kana kuti haakwanise kutora maodha, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemukana wekuvhura mabhizinesi, kudzikira kwakanyanya kwemari inowanikwa nepurofiti, kana kutobhuroka, uye kuwedzera kwekushaya mabasa.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekusaziva kwekukura kwedenda iri, mirairo yakawanda inobva kuEurope, kuUnited States nedzimwe nyika yakamiswa kana kutamisirwa kune dzimwe nyika, kana kuti kunonoka kusingaverengeki kwekutumira zvinhu, zvichikonzera kuti mamiriro eindasitiri yemachira muIndia ave akaoma zvakanyanya.

Sekureva kwedata reUN rakaburitswa pakati pegore ra2020, India yakarasikirwa nemadhora anodarika mamiriyoni mazana mana emadhora mukutengeserana mumwedzi mitanhatu chete, uye mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemana emadhora yakarasikirwa mubazi remachira nembatya.

Pamusoro pezvo, mushure mekupararira kwedenda repasi rose, kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzira machira muIndia kwakakanganiswa, uye kutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira kunogona kuwedzera mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakajeka pakutengesa.
Pamusoro pezvo, mhando yemachira inogonawo kukanganiswa nekuchinja uku, zvichiita kuti indasitiri yese ive isina chekuita nebasa rayo.

Zvichakadaro, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neIndia zvakakanganiswawo nedenda iri.
Sezvo denda richiri rakakomba muEurope, United Kingdom neUnited States, izvo zviri kure nekusvika pachinangwa chekudzivirira nekudzora, uye nzvimbo idzi dziri misika mikuru yekutengeswa kwembatya dzeIndia, izvi zvinoita kuti kutengeswa kwemachira eIndia kusangane nematambudziko akakura.

Mufananidzo wacho

Kupararira kwechirwere ichi kuri kukanganisa hupfumi hweIndia zvakanyanya.
Sezvo mari yerubatsiro yakapihwa nehurumende yeIndia yedenda isina kubhadharwa nenguva, hurongwa hwemakambani akabatwa nedenda hwadzikira zvikuru uye kurarama kwakaoma, izvo zvinogona kutungamira zvakananga kukudzimwa kwemabasa kwevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi muindasitiri yemachira yeIndia.

Chisina kutarisirwa neIndia ndechekuti China, iyo yakatungamira mukudzivirira nekudzora denda iri, yave kukwikwidzana kwayo kwakasimba muindasitiri yemachira.
India yakarasikirwa nebhizinesi remayuan ari trillion nekuda kwedenda iri.

Kubva muhafu yechipiri ya2020, indasitiri yemachira nehembe muChina yakachinja mamiriro ezvinhu asina kugadzikana pakutanga kwedenda iri ndokupinda muchikamu chitsva chedenda.
Sekureva kwedata, kubva muna Ndira kusvika Zvita muna 2020, kutengeswa kwembatya, shangu, ngowani, tsono nemachira munyika kwakawedzera mayuan ari mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri, uye purofiti yese yeindasitiri yemachira yenyika yakawedzera ne7.9% gore negore kusvika paanopfuura mabhiriyoni zana negumi emayuan.

Ruzivo rwezvemusika runoratidza kuti kubva muna Chivabvu 2020, indasitiri yembatya muChina yakawedzera katatu muna Chikunguru. Huwandu hwemaodha eindasitiri yembatya muChina hwakawedzera neanopfuura 200% gore negore, uye huwandu hwemaodha emidziyo yejira nemachira hwakawedzera neanopfuura 100%. Kutengeswa kweindasitiri yejira muChina muna 2020 kwakajeka.
Kutengeswa kwemachira kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira masiki ekumeso, kwakasvika mabhiriyoni 828.78 eyuan muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore ra2020, zvichikwira ne37.5 muzana.
Kushanda kweindasitiri yemachira kwakanaka kwazvo.

Chikonzero nei paine mhedzisiro yakajeka kudaro, pane zvikonzero zvikuru zviviri, chimwe chete kusvika kwemwaka wekutengeserana kwekunze;
Chechipiri, China ichagamuchira maodha akawanda kunze kwenyika muna 2020, ayo akatanga kugadzirwa muIndia, Myanmar, Bangladesh nedzimwe nyika.

Mufananidzo wacho

Indasitiri yemachira muChina ine zvayakanakira zviri pachena, asi zvikanganiso zvinofanira kugadziriswa

China iri munzvimbo isingatsivike yekugamuchira "mirairo yekukurumidzira" iyi.
Chekutanga, panosvika gore ra2020, China ichave ndiyo yega hupfumi hukuru pasi rose huchava hwekutanga kubuda mudambudziko redenda iri uye kuwana kukura kwakanaka.
Denda iri rakanganisa zvakanyanya makambani ekugadzira machira nekupa zvinhu. Kutangazve basa nekugadzira zvinhu muChina kunoratidza kugona kwayo kudzivirira nekudzora zvinhu.

Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakabatwa nedambudziko redenda iri uye kukanganiswa panguva imwe chete kwecheni yeindasitiri neketani yekugovera, apo vatengi vepasi rose nemakambani epasi rose vanogadzirisa kugadzirwa kweodha pasi rose, China yave nyika inokosheswa kune akawanda maodha ekunze kwenyika, izvo zvinovimbisa mashandiro echeni yeindasitiri yepasi rose.

Chechipiri, China ine zvakanakira zviri pachena mukutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvinoda vashandi vakawanda uye ndiyo inogadzira nekutengesa kunze kwenyika machira akawanda pasi rose.
Munguva yedenda iri, China yakapa nyika dzinopfuura mazana maviri masiki emachira nezvimwe zvinhu zvekudzivirira denda, uye China yakaramba muedzo wekutengesa zvinhu zvakaoma.

Mufananidzo wacho

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, mutengo wedonje nezvinhu zvakagadziriswa muChina wakaderera uye une mukana wemutengo unounzwa nemutengo wakaderera.
Kunyangwe India inotenga zvinhu zvakawanda zvemachira kubva kuChina gore rega rega.
Zvichienderana nedata rekutsvaga misika, India parizvino haikwanise kuzadzisa kudiwa kukuru kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa pamusika.

Saka, kuti itsigire indasitiri yayo yakakura yemachira, India inotenga machira ekugadzira, mabhatani nezvimwe zvinhu zvemachira zvinosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora kubva kuChina gore rega rega.

Indasitiri yemachira muChina ine zvayakanakira zviri pachena, asi zvikanganiso zvinofanira kugadziriswa.
Semugadziri mukuru, mutengi uye mutengesi wekunze kwenyika wemachira nembatya, China ine cheni yakakwana yeindasitiri yemachira pasi rose ine kugona kwekugadzira kwepamusoro-soro uye nhanho yepamusoro mune zvese zvinobatanidzwa mucheni yeindasitiri.

Zvisinei, kuvandudzwa kwekubatana kwega kwega kwecheni yeindasitiri yemachira hakuna kuenzana. Parizvino, zvakanakira indasitiri yemachira yeChina zvinonyanya kuratidzwa muzvigadzirwa zvepakati nepasi, pane zvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakanyanya.
Saka, mumunda wepamusoro-soro wejira, tichiri kuda kuramba tichitsvakurudza, tichivandudza nekuvandudza tekinoroji yavo uye maitiro avo, tichienderera mberi nekuvandudza, tichitevedzera zvakanakira tekinoroji yeChina, uye kuvaka cheni yemaindasitiri kwakakwana.

Mufananidzo wacho

Pamusoro pezvose, muindasitiri yemachira, kuwedzera kune zvinhu zvakajairika zvakaita seshinda yedonje, machira epasi uye zvipfeko zviri kushandiswa nemunhu mumwe chete, kutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvitsva kuti zvitore musika.
Zvadaro, dhizaini yakagadzirwa nemunhu, magadzirirwo nezvimwewo zvinosarudza mutengo wepamusoro wechigadzirwa uye kumhanya kwekutengesa.
Makambani ekugadzira machira ekuChina anovandudza marongerwo awo, kutsvagisa nekusimudzira tekinoroji itsva, maitiro matsva, kutarisisa magadzirirwo, kuchera modhi itsva yepurofiti, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kutsiva kushomeka kwevashandi.

Indasitiri yemachira muChina ine zvakanakira zvekuvandudza macheni emaindasitiri.
MuChina, matekinoroji eruzivo akadai seInternet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G uye cloud computing ari kukura nekukurumidza. Matekinoroji aya ari kuchinja mararamiro evanhu uye mamodheru ekusimudzira hupfumi.
Mukufambira mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, makambani epasi rose ekutengesa zvinhu anotarisirwa kugadzirisa mashandiro etekinoroji, kuderedza kudiwa kwevashandi, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kuita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kukwikwidzana kweindasitiri yemachira pasi rose.

Kunyangwe munguva pfupi, denda iri rakaunza kukanganisa kukuru muindasitiri yemachira yepasi rose uye musika uzere nekusava nechokwadi, nekufamba kwenguva, denda iri richakurumidzisa maitiro ekushandisa otomatiki uye njere muindasitiri yemachira uye richavandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekutarisira kwekutengesa mabhizinesi.

Parizvino, kunyangwe akawanda eaya maodha ari "emergency orders", kungave achigona kugara muChina kwenguva yakareba munguva yapashure pedenda kana mushure mekupera kwedenda, kuchine nzvimbo yakakura yekuti tirwire.
Kunyangwe hazvo hupfumi hweChina huri kukwira zvishoma nezvishoma, muindasitiri yemachira, iyo inowanzo shandiswa nevanhu vakawanda, China haina mukana wekushandisa mari yakawanda kubva kuvashandi.

Panguva imwe chete, musika mukuru wemachira wetriyoni imwe chete yeyuan "wakaisa" kuChina, India pachayo iri kunetsekawo zvikuru.
Pasinei nedenda iri, inogona kukwanisa kuramba kumanikidzwa kuti itorezve mirairo yekunze kwenyika.
Saka, kana tichitarisa maziso eIndia nekuchiva, kusamboona, kuchengetedza maodha emachira kwenguva yakareba, ndiro dambudziko guru rinofanira kutarisana nemabhizinesi ekugadzira machira eChina.

Mufananidzo wacho

Tichipinda munguva yapashure pedenda, kudzoreredzwa kweindasitiri yemachira pasi rose kuri kunetsa

Nekuda kwedambudziko repasi rose nezvematongerwo enyika, mamiriro ekutengeserana kwenyika dzepasi rose ari kutoipa uye makwikwi epasi rose ari kuwedzerawo. Munguva yapashure pedenda, kupora kweindasitiri yemachira pasi rose kuchiri kutarisana nematambudziko.
Panyaya dzematambudziko, pane matambudziko enguva pfupi uye enguva refu.

Denda repasi rose richiri kupararira, hupfumi hwepasi rose huri mudambudziko guru rekudzikira kwehupfumi, dziviriro yekutengeserana iri kukwira, uye kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuri kusimba. Hwaro hwekudzorerwa kwemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana hahusati hwasimba, maindasitiri epasi rose neketani yezvekutengeswa kwezvinhu zviri kugadziriswa zvakanyanya, uye zvinhu zvisina kuvimbika uye kusagadzikana zviri kuwedzera.

Semuenzaniso, kutengeswa kwemachira kunze kwenyika kuUnited States, European Union, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh nedzimwe nyika kwawedzera nekuda kwedenda uye zvematongerwo enyika. Zvisinei, nekuda kwedenda iri, kutengeswa kwemachira kunze kwenyika hakuna kukwira kusvika padanho rekare. Pamusoro pezvo, kubva pachokwadi chedenda iri, kupora mune ramangwana kuchatora nguva.

Mufananidzo wacho

Muna 2020, kutengeswa kwembatya nembatya muUnited States kuchaderera ne26% gore negore, inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora.
Kutengeswa kwemachira muEU kwakadzikira ne24.4 muzana pagore.
Kubva pamusika wepasi rose, musika wepasi rose wezvipfeko wakasangana nematambudziko, United States, uye kutengeswa kwezvipfeko kubva kuEU kwakadzikirawo.

Kunyangwe musi wa30 Chikumi 2020, India yakazorora zvishoma nezvishoma matanho ekudzora ikazivisa kuti yapinda muchikamu che "Unlockable 2.0″", ichiri kuda nguva yekuti indasitiri yemachira yeIndia, iyo yakatambura nekukanganiswa kwecheni yekugovera, idzorere zvizere mabasa ehupfumi munguva yakapfuura pasi pemamiriro aripo edenda risingadzoreki, uye hapana nzira yekuzviita munguva pfupi.

Kubva pakatanga mhirizhonga muMyanmar musi wa1 Kukadzi gore rino, hupfumi hweMyanmar hwanga hwakamira kana kutodzokera shure, uye zvinhu zvainotengesera kunze kwenyika zvakamiswa.
Indasitiri yemicheka nembatya muBurma iri kutarisana nematambudziko makuru anokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kuri kuitika, zvichimanikidza mamwe emabhurandi makuru embatya pasi rose kuti azivise kuti ari kumisa maodha ese munyika uye ari kutsvaga dzimwe nyika kuti dzivatsive.

Nhasi uno, sezvo indasitiri yemachira ichiita basa guru muhupfumi hweMyanmar, matambudziko makuru ari kusangana neindasitiri yemachira muMyanmar ane kukanganisa kukuru pahupfumi hwenyika.

Mufananidzo wacho

Panguva iyi, Bangladesh, iyo ine indasitiri yemachira yechipiri pakukura pasi rose mushure meChina, yave ichishanda zvakanaka.
Indasitiri yemachira ndiyo inonyanya kuwana mari kubva kunze kwenyika muBangladesh, asi denda iri rakaitawo kuti mamwe maodha aendeswe kuChina.

Bangladesh yakaisa mutemo wekuti "guta rivharwe" munyika yese musi wa5 Kubvumbi gore rino nekuda kweCOVID-19 iri kuramba ichiipa.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu, mugore ra2019 chete, Bangladesh yainyanya kutumira machira kuEurope nekuUnited States, aine kukosha kwemadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu nerimwe.

Parizvino, kusawirirana nematambudziko zvakaunganidzwa kwenguva yakareba muindasitiri yemachira muChina kwakakurumbira zvikuru. Pasi pemamiriro matsva ekuchinja kwenyika, zvakakosha kuti indasitiri yemachira muChina irambe ichipa mukana kune zvakanakira zvemakwikwi echinyakare, kuwana zvakanakira zvitsva zvemakwikwi, uye kuvaka cheni yemaindasitiri yakakwana uye ine hungwaru, inova ndiyo nzira inodiwa yekusimudzira indasitiri kwenguva refu.

Mufananidzo wacho

Parizvino, hukama huripo pakati peChina neUnited States neEurope huri padanho rekusaziva. United States nedzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero dzakagadzira mafungiro akasiyana nezvedonje muXinjiang, izvo zvakakanganisa kutengeserana kwedonje kunze kwenyika muXinjiang.
Kutaura zvazviri, chiri kunyanya kunangwa nenyika dzekuMadokero iindasitiri yemachira yeChina, uye ikozvino makambani ekune dzimwe nyika arega kutumira zvinhu zvitsva kuChina kuti vaedze kudzora budiriro yeChina.

Pasinei neizvi, China haizombozununguki muchinangwa chayo chekuvhura nzira dzakawanda kune dzimwe nyika nekusimudzira hupfumi hwayo.
Chinotarisirwa ndechekuti indasitiri yemachira nehembe muChina iri kutsvaga nzvimbo itsva dzekukura kwemusika, dzakadai seRCEP nenyika dze "One Belt And One Road", kuti ikurudzire budiriro yakatsiga yeindasitiri yemachira nehembe muChina, uye mhedzisiro yekutanga yakawanikwa.

Munguva yapashure pedenda, kudzivirira nekudzora denda iri pamwe nekusagadzikana kuri kuitika muhukama hwenyika dzese kwakakanganisa zvikuru maindasitiri ese.
Zviwanikwa zvepasi rose zviri kukurumidza

Mushure mekuvakazve uye kugadziridzwa, indasitiri yemachira yepasi rose yakatangazve kupora, iyo nzira yakakosha yekuvandudza kugadzikana uye kukwikwidzana kwecheni yekugovera zvinhu mumaindasitiri.

Mufananidzo wacho

Mukurwisana nematambudziko akawanda nekuchinja kusati kwamboitika munyika, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kwakakurumidzisa kukura kweindasitiri yemachira pasi rose, uye kufambira mberi kweindasitiri iyi kwave kwakakosha.
Kuti tibudirire, tinofanira kutsigira kutengeserana kwenyika dzese pasi rose, kuramba zvakasimba kuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana, uye kuramba tichigadzira zvinhu zvitsva mumunda webudiriro inochengetedza nharaunda.