Indasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka iindasitiri yakazara uye tekinoroji-yakanyanya. Iyo inzvimbo iri kusimukira muindasitiri yemakemikari, uye zvakare imwe yeakanyanya simba ari kusimukira minda muindasitiri yemakemikari nhasi. Icho chikamu chakakosha chezvinhu zvitsva. Zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvakanaka zvine marudzi mazhinji, kukosha kwakawedzera, kushandiswa kwakakura uye kuwirirana kwakakura kwemaindasitiri, izvo zvinoshandira zvakananga maindasitiri mazhinji ehupfumi hwenyika uye akasiyana siyana emaindasitiri epamusoro-soro.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Kurongeka kwemaindasitiri

Indasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita yechinyakare indasitiri yemakemikari uye nyowani yakanaka yemakemikari indasitiri zvinoenderana neakasiyana mashandisirwo eminda. Pakati pavo, zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra zvemakemikari akanaka echinyakare mishonga yezvipembenene, dhayi uye machira, nezvimwewo, izvo zvakakura mukukura. Makemikari matsva akanyanya kunyanya anosanganisira ekuwedzera echikafu, anonamira, gasi maajenti, ma surfactants, petrochemical additives, biological makemikari, emagetsi makemikari uye zvichingodaro. Mashoko acho ndeaya:

(2)Chigadzirwa maitiro

Makemikari akanaka anouya mumhando dzakawanda, kusanganisira inorganic compounds, organic compounds, mapolymers, uye makomisheni awo. Iwo akajairika maitiro ekugadzira tekinoroji ndeaya:

(3) Mitemo ine chekuita neindasitiri

Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika yakapa mitemo yekutsigira indasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka uye kusimudzira girinhi, yakaderera-kabhoni uye denderedzwa kusimudzira. Muna Kurume 2021, chirongwa chegumi nemana cheMakore mashanu chakagamuchirwa nechikamu chechina chegumi netatu cheNational People's Congress, icho chinopa zano rekusimbisa biotechnology, zvinhu zvitsva, girinhi kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mamwe maindasitiri, kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvikwata zvekugadzira zvepamberi, kukurumidza girini, yakaderera-kabhoni uye denderedzwa kusimudzira, uye zvizere kuvandudza kugona kwekushandisa zviwanikwa. Mitemo iri pamusoro inonyatso kusimudzira hutano uye nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka uye hupfumi hwedenderedzwa. Mitemo chaiyo uye zvirimo ndezvizvi:

二.Market mamiriro

(1) Saizi yemusika

China inokoshesa zvikuru kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka, yave imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekusimudzira indasitiri yemakemikari parizvino. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweNational Bureau of Statistics, huwandu hwese hwemaindasitiri hwakabuda hweindasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka hwakawedzera kubva pa1,267.421 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2008 kusvika 4,3990.50 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2017, neavhareji pagore musanganiswa wekukura kwe14.83%. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rweveruzhinji, huwandu hwese hwekubuda kweindasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka yeChina muna 2021 hwakapfuura 5.5 trillion yuan, uye inotarisirwa kudarika 11 trillion yuan muna 2027. Mwero weindasitiri yemakemikari yakanaka muUnited States, European Union neJapan zvave pedyo. kusvika kana pamusoro pe60%, uye China inoronga kukwidza chiyero kusvika ku55% panosvika 2025.

(2) Kuongororwa kwechikamu chemusika

1. Saizi yemusika weindasitiri

Kubva pavandudzwa nekuvhurwa, zvichitungamirwa negwara renyika nekusimudzira zvekurima, indasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene munyika yedu yafambira mberi zvikuru. Pamwe chete nekukura zvishoma nezvishoma kweindasitiri yemakemikari emumba uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwesainzi yezvekurima uye tekinoroji, indasitiri yedu yemishonga yezvipembenene yakaumba mwero mukuru. Parizvino, indasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene yeChina yakagadzira hurongwa hwemaindasitiri hwakakwana hunosanganisira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwesainzi, zvigadzirwa, zvepakati, kugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa. Kune anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakambani ekugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene, anosanganisira anopfuura mazana mashanu emabhizimusi ezvinodhaka anoshanda uye anopfuura chiuru nemazana mashanu emabhizinesi ekugadzirira, anogona kugadzira anopfuura mazana manomwe emhando dzemishonga inoshanda uye anopfuura 40,000 emhando dzekugadzirira. Panguva imwecheteyo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekurima zvekurima, asiwo mumusika wepasi rose unobata chinzvimbo chakakosha. China Commercial Industry Research Institute inofanotaura kuti mari yekutengesa yeindasitiri yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yeChina ichasvika 262.33 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2023.