Indasitiri yemakemikari akanaka iindasitiri yakazara uye inoshandisa tekinoroji zvakanyanya. Indasitiri iri kusimukira muindasitiri yemakemikari, uye zvakare ndeimwe yeminda iri kusimukira zvikuru muindasitiri yemakemikari nhasi. Ichikamu chakakosha chezvinhu zvitsva. Zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvakanaka zvine mhando dzakawanda, kukosha kwakanyanya, mashandisirwo akafara uye hukama hukuru hwemaindasitiri, izvo zvinoshandira zvakananga maindasitiri mazhinji ehupfumi hwenyika uye minda yakasiyana-siyana yemaindasitiri epamusoro-soro.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Kurongwa kweindasitiri

Indasitiri yemakemikari akanaka inowanzo kamurwa kuita indasitiri yemakemikari akanaka echinyakare uye indasitiri itsva yemakemikari akanaka zvichienderana neminda yakasiyana yekushandisa. Pakati pazvo, zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra zvemakemikari akanaka echinyakare zvinosanganisira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, madhayi uye machira, nezvimwewo, izvo zvakura mukugadzirwa. Makemikari matsva akanaka anosanganisira zvinowedzerwa zvekudya, zvinonamira, zvinosanganisa gasi, zvinosanganisa masurfactants, zvinowedzerwa petrochemical, makemikari ebhayoloji, makemikari emagetsi nezvimwewo. Mashoko acho ndeaya anotevera:

(2) Hunhu hwechigadzirwa

Makemikoro akanaka anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira macompounds asina kugadzirwa, macompounds eorganic, mapolymers, uye macompounds awo. Hunhu hwakajairika hwetekinoroji yekugadzira ndeidzi:

(3) Mitemo ine chekuita neindasitiri

Mumakore achangopfuura, hurumende yakaburitsa mitemo yekutsigira indasitiri yemakemikari akanaka uye kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa zvine kabhoni shoma uye denderedzwa. Muna Kurume 2021, Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chechigumi nemana chakagamuchirwa nechikamu chechina cheNational People's Congress yechigumi nechitatu, icho chinokurudzira kusimbisa biotechnology, zvinhu zvitsva, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvine kabhoni nezvimwe indasitiri, kukurudzira kukura kwemakambani ekugadzira zvinhu epamusoro, kukurumidzisa kukura kwezvirimwa zvine kabhoni shoma uye denderedzwa, uye kuvandudza zvizere kushanda kwekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Mitemo iri pamusoro apa inokurudzira kubudirira kwakanaka uye nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka uye hupfumi hwakatenderera. Mitemo chaiyo nezviri mukati ndeizvi:

二.Market mamiriro

(1) Hukuru hwemusika

China inonyanya kukoshesa kukura kweindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka, iyo yave imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekusimudzira indasitiri yemakemikari parizvino. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hweNational Bureau of Statistics, huwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri emakemikari akanaka hwakawedzera kubva pa1,267.421 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2008 kusvika pa4,3990.50 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2017, neavhareji yekukura kwemakemikari pagore ye14.83%. Zvichienderana neruzivo rweveruzhinji, huwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka yeChina muna 2021 hwakapfuura 5.5 trillion yuan, uye hunotarisirwa kudarika 11 trillion yuan muna 2027. Mwero weindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka muUnited States, European Union neJapan uri pedyo kana kupfuura 60%, uye China inoronga kukwidza mwero wacho kusvika 55% panosvika 2025.

(2) Kuongorora kupatsanurwa kwemusika

1. Kukura kwemusika weindasitiri

Kubva pakatanga kugadziriswa nekuvhurwa kwemabasa, zvichitungamirirwa nemutemo wenyika nekuvandudzwa kwekurima, indasitiri yedu yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yafambira mberi zvikuru. Pamwe chete nekukura zvishoma nezvishoma kweindasitiri yemakemikari yemuno uye kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwesainzi yekurima netekinoroji, indasitiri yedu yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yave nekukura kukuru. Parizvino, indasitiri yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yeChina yave nehurongwa hwakakwana hwemaindasitiri hunosanganisira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwesainzi, zvinhu zvakagadziriswa, zvepakati, kugadzirwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye kugadziriswa kwekugadzirira. Kune makambani ekugadzira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene anopfuura 2,000, kusanganisira makambani emishonga inouraya zvipembenene anopfuura 500 uye makambani ekugadzirira anopfuura 1,500, anogona kugadzira mhando dzemishonga inouraya zvipembenene dzinopfuura 700 uye mhando dzekugadzirira dzinopfuura 40,000. Panguva imwe chete kuti igutse zvinodiwa zvekurima zvemuno, asiwo mumusika wepasi rose ine chinzvimbo chakakosha. China Commercial Industry Research Institute inofanotaura kuti mari inotengeswa yeindasitiri yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yemakemikari yeChina ichasvika mabhiriyoni 262.33 eyuan muna 2023.