MIT-Ivy Industry ikambani yemishonga nemakemikari inobatanidza kugadzirwa, kutengeswa uye kutsvagurudza kwesainzi. Nekushandisa michina yepamusoro yekugadzira netekinoroji yekugadzira, tinochengetedza hukama hwakanaka nemasangano ekutsvagurudza kwesainzi nemayunivhesiti makuru nepakati. Isu tinonyanya kuita basa rekugadzira nekutengesa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mukurapa mishonga yekurwisa AIDS, yemwoyo netsinga dzeropa, uye inotsigira mishonga yekurwisa kuzvimba. Zvigadzirwa zve sodium azide, triphenyl chloromethane, L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride zvinotengeswa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.1. Kutanga mishonga yemishonga yepakati Mishonga yepakati inoreva zvigadzirwa zvepakati zvakaita sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira mishonga. Kutaura zvazviri, zvimwe zvinhu zvemakemikari kana zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari mukugadzirwa kwemishonga. Mufananidzo Vagadziri vemishonga yepamutemo nemishonga inoshanda vanofanirwa kugamuchira GMP certification. Mishonga yepakati, kunyangwe ichishandiswa mukugadzira mishonga, ingori yekugadzira nekugadzira zvinhu zvemakemikari. Ndidzo zvigadzirwa zviri nyore uye zvisinganyanyi kukosha mukugadzirwa kwemishonga uye hazvigone kunzi mishonga, saka chitupa cheGMP hachidiwi. Mishonga yepakati inogona kugadzirwa mumiti yemakemikari yakajairika uye inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga pamatanho akati wandei. Izvi zvinoderedzawo mukana wekupinda muindasitiri yevagadziri vepakati. Mufananidzo 2. Kukura kweindasitiri yemishonga. Nekugadziriswa kwechimiro chemaindasitiri, kutamiswa kwekugadzirwa kwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana uye kugadziridzwa kwechikamu chevashandi chepasi rose chemakambani makuru emishonga epasi rose, China yave nzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzira pakati muchikamu chepasi rose chevashandi vemishonga. Sekureva kweResearch Report on the Development of China's Pharmaceutical Intermediates Industry (2016), kubva muna 2011 kusvika 2015, indasitiri yemishonga yeChina pamwe nehuwandu hwayo hwese hwekugadzira hwakawedzera gore negore, nekukura kwegore negore kweinenge 13.5%. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvemishonga muChina hwakasvika 422.56 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2015, kuwedzera kwe9.88% pagore. Kubuda kweindasitiri kwakasvika 17.2 miriyoni matani, kukwira ne10.26 muzana pagore. Kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvemishonga yemishonga muChina kuchave pedyo netriliyoni imwe yuan panosvika 2020. Mufananidzo3. Hunhu hwemaindasitiri hwemishonga pakati pemakambaniIndasitiri iyi inoda kugadziriswa nekukurumidza uye kuvandudzwa: Bhizinesi reChina rese richiri pasi, uye kune mabhizinesi mashoma anogadzira mishonga yepamusoro-soro uye anotsigira mishonga mitsva ine patent, iyo iri muchikamu chekugadzira nekugadzirisa chimiro chechigadzirwa. Mamwe mabhizinesi chete ane simba rakasimba rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzepamusoro uye ruzivo rwekugadzira zvakakura anogona kuwana purofiti yakakwira mumakwikwi. Bhizinesi rakasimba: Vagadziri vakuru vanotora kugadzirwa kwakagadzirirwa senzira yavo huru yebhizinesi. Pasi pemuenzaniso wekugadzira wakagadzirirwa, hukama hwekushandira pamwe pakati pevatengi vakuru nevatengesi hwakagadzikana, uye kushandira pamwe kwakasimba, kuvimbana kwakanyanya, uye mapoka ekushandira pamwe anopiwa nevatengi vakuru achava mazhinji. Zvinotora nguva yakareba kuchinja vatengesi. Saka, sebhizinesi rine kunamatira kwakasimba, makambani emishonga anonyanya kutarisa makambani emishonga ekune dzimwe nyika anozivikanwa padanho razvino. Kambani payakapinda muhurongwa hwevatengesi vemishonga mikuru, huwandu hwekugadzira uye purofiti yakaramba yakagadzikana. Kutumira kunze kwenyika kushoma: nzvimbo huru dzekutengesa kunze kwenyika dzemishonga muChina ndiEU, North America, Middle East, Southeast Asia, nezvimwewo. Kutumira kunze kwenyika kwenyika yedu kwakanyanya kuzara muvhitamini C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid nemunyu wayo nemaesters, zvakaita sezvinhu, hunhu hwezvigadzirwa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa, mabhizinesi ekugadzira, makwikwi emusika akaoma, mutengo wezvigadzirwa uye kukosha kwakawedzerwa kwakaderera, kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwavo kwakakonzera mamiriro ekunze emusika wemishonga yepakati. Zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji yepamusoro zvichiri kutengeswa zvakanyanya. Makambani madiki nepakati: makambani ekugadzira akawanda mabhizinesi ega, mashandiro anochinjika, huwandu hwekudyara hausi hukuru, pakati pemamiriyoni gumi kusvika makumi maviri emamiriyoni eyuan. Kuwanda kwenzvimbo: kugoverwa kwemakambani ekugadzira munharaunda kwakabatana zvakanyanya, kwakakomberedza mafekitori makuru emishonga, anonyanya kugoverwa muTaizhou, Zhejiang neJintan, Jiangsu senzvimbo yepakati dunhu iri.Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (kusanganisira Zibo), kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva (Siping, Fushun) nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine mamiriro akanaka ekugadzirwa kwemishonga yepakati dzakakura nekukurumidza. Kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa nekukurumidza: chigadzirwa chinowanzo tengeswa makore matatu kusvika mashanu gare gare, purofiti yacho inodzikira zvakanyanya, izvo zvinomanikidza mabhizinesi kuti agare achigadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva kana kugara achivandudza maitiro ekugadzira, kuitira kuchengetedza purofiti yepamusoro yekugadzira. Makwikwi akasimba: nekuti purofiti yekugadzira yemishonga yepakati yakakwira kupfuura yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, uye maitiro ekugadzira maviri acho akafanana, mabhizinesi madiki emakemikari anowedzera kubatana nekugadzirwa kwemishonga yepakati, zvichikonzera makwikwi akanyanya kusagadzikana muindasitiri.4. Mhando dzemishonga dzinopindirana nemakemikariKune mhando dzakawanda dzemishonga dzinopindirana nemakemikari, dzinosanganisira cephalosporin intermediates, amino acid protectant series, vitamin intermediates, quinolone intermediates, nedzimwe mhando dzemishonga dzinopindirana nemakemikari, dzakadai semishonga inouraya utachiona, mishonga inorwisa epileptic, fluoropyridine intermediates, steroid pharmaceutical intermediates, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana neminda yavo yekushandisa, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inorwisa pyretic uye inonyaradza marwadzo, mishonga inopindirana nemwoyo, mishonga inorwisa cancer nezvimwewo. Parizvino, kune mazana ezvigadzirwa zvemishonga zvinopindirana nemakemikari, uye zvinogara zvichigadzira zvitsva, zvichigadzira maindasitiri akawanda akanaka emolecular muindasitiri yemishonga. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemishonga chaiyo. Dzakadai seimidazole, furan, phenolic intermediates, aromatic intermediates, pyrrole, pyridine, biochemical reagents, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen compounds, heterocyclic compounds, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, mannitol, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, powdered sugar, inorganic salts, ethanol intermediates, stearic acid, amino acid uye ethanol amine munyu, sylvite, sodium munyu nezvimwe zvinhu zviri pakati nepakati nezvimwewo. Mufananidzo 5. Patent CliffKubva mugore ra2000, musika wepasi rose wemishonga yegeneric wakaramba uchikura nekukurumidza kupfuura musika wemishonga wese, uchikura nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura mishonga yepatenti. Musika wepasi rose wemishonga yegeneric unotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi masere emadhora muna 2013, uye CAGR yemusika wepasi rose wemishonga yegeneric kubva muna 2005 kusvika 2013 inotarisirwa kusvika 14.7%. Musika wepasi rose wemishonga yegeneric unotarisirwa kukura ne10% kusvika 14% mumakore mashanu anotevera, nekukurumidza kupfuura kukura kwaitarisirwa kwe4% kusvika 6% muindasitiri yese yemishonga. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kukura kwemusika wemishonga yegeneric kuchasimudzira kukura kweindasitiri yemishonga yepakati.Kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2020, musika wepasi rose wemishonga uchaunza mafungu ekupera kwePatent, pakati pawo, kubva muna 2013 kusvika 2020, mhando dzePatent dzepasi rose dzichave neavhareji dzinopfuura mazana maviri pagore, inozivikanwa se "Patent Cliff" pasi rose.Muna 2014, pachava nepamusoro pemishonga yepatenti. Kupera kwemishonga, uko kuchave nenhamba yepamusoro muna 2014, nenhamba yemishonga yepatenti inosvika 326 iri kupera. 2010 na2017 ndiwo makore maviri epamusoro, ne205 ne242 emishonga yepatenti iri kupera zvichiteerana. Mishonga yakapera ndeyemishonga yekurwisa hutachiona, endocrine, nervous system uye cardiovascular, ine musika wakakura. Kupera kwemishonga yepatenti yekunze kuchaunza zvinhu zvitsva zvinokonzeresa kuindasitiri yemishonga yepakati muChina. Nekuti mushure mekupera kwemishonga yepatenti, kugadzirwa kwemishonga yegeneric ine chekuita nayo kuchawedzera, izvo zvichakurudzira kukura kukuru kwekudiwa kwemishonga yepakati ine chekuita nayo. Mufananidzo 6. Kumanikidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. China yatove mutengesi mukuru weAPI intermediates, pamwe chete nedenda guru rekusvibisa. Vagadziri vemishonga vari muindasitiri yemakemikari akanaka, pachava nenjodzi yekusvibiswa inoenderana. Zvichienderana nehuwandu kubva kuMinistry of Environmental Protection, huwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvemuindasitiri yemishonga yemuno huri pasi pe3 muzana yeGDP yenyika, asi huwandu hwese hwekusvibiswa hunosvika 6 muzana. Pakati pemhando dzese dzemishonga, API inonyanya kumiririrwa nemavhitamini nepenicillin ndeyeindasitiri yekusvibiswa kwakanyanya uye kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda, izvo zvinosvibisa mhepo nemvura zvakanyanya. Zvichienderana nekuiswa pamwe chete kweMinistry of Environmental Protection, musi wa15 Kukadzi 2017, timu yekuongorora hunhu hwemhepo muchikamu chekutanga cha2017 yakazivisa kuti kufambiswa kwesimba muShijiazhuang kwakanga kusiripo, uye hurumende yedunhu yakanga ichiri yakavakirwa zvakanyanya kuvashandi veEnvironmental Protection Bureau mukuita chirongwa chekukurumidzira chekusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze, nepo mamwe madhipatimendi asina kubatanidzwa zvakanyanya. Kusvibiswa kwemakambani madiki nepakati anogadzira mishonga intermediates muShijiazhuang kwakakomba. Makambani emishonga Neruzivo rwekare, makambani emishonga echinyakare anogadzira kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye zvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kushoma (senge penicillin, mavhitamini, nezvimwewo) achakurumidza kubviswa. Kutevedzera hunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye kugadzira tekinoroji yemishonga yakasvibirira kwave kuri kutungamira kweindasitiri yemishonga yepakati. Mufananidzo wacho
7. Vatungamiriri vemaindasitiri
indasitiri yemit-ivy
Kambani yeZhejiang NHU Ltd.Plo Co., Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Anhui Bayi Chemical Co. LtdZhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. LtdZhejiang Hisoar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Jiujiu Technology Co., LtdFederal pharmaceutical (chengdu) co., LTDZhejiang Yongtai Technology Co., Ltd. Suzhou Tianma Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.